music business midterm

fair use

concept that allows limited use of a copyrighted work without royalty payment

public domain

classification of a musical work whose copyright has expired

synchronization

copyright owners will exercise this right by negotiating for use in film

digital performance right in sound recordings act

this 1995 law gave copyright owners the power to license or prohibit digital transmissions of their work over the internet, unlike radio

death of the author plus 70 years

maximum length of copyright for any music composed after 1978

concert promoter

person that is central to the success of music event

booking agent

person that is contracted by a personal manager to negotiate and organize tour concert dates

rent and ancillary services

venue’s two main income sources for a music event

split point

monetary value at which the revenue from the event exceeds the expenses plus promoter’s profit

dynamic pricing

this ticket selling practice goes into effect when there is increased demand

publicity

unpaid media coverage for an artist

trade advertising

term for advertising that appears in industry media, such as Billboard magazine

television, radio, billboards

examples of traditional “paid media” in music advertising

payola

music industry term for unauthorized payment for record promotion

corporate sponsorship

one of the most successful tools for concert tour marketing

A&R person

record label employee who actively searches for new talent

advance

term for a record company loan to finance a sound recording

rock n roll

second resurgence of independent labels in the 1950s coincided with this new genre of music

controlled composition clause

part of a recording contract that allows the label to negotiate a lower mechanical rights rate with a new artist/songwriter

360 contract

type of contract that gives the label an interest in several facets of an artist’s career

“after the ball” sheet music

2 million sales of this in 1891 made one publisher rich and happy

NMPA (national music publishers association)

a trade association founded in 1917 which represents American publishers and songwriter partners

song casting

term for the search to match new material with a specific singer/performer

Michael jackson

this artist controlled a large portion of the Beatles song catalogue until it was sold to Sony for 750 million in 2016

split ownership

copyright term for a situation where there is more than one songwriter

victrola

phonograph player that people could take with them on a picnic

radio

aside from the depression, an innovation that slowed down phonograph sales

analog magnetic tape

superior recording format that emerged after WWII and stayed in place until the digital age

UPC, 12-digit GTIN, IRSC code, metadata

one of the many product IDs that accompany physical and digital music products

mediaguide and mediabase

examples of internet companies that perform music surveillance for broadcasters and streaming

ASCAP

first performance rights organization established in 1914

blanket license

type of fee that radio stations, venues, and streaming services pay for usage of copyrighted music

creative commons

PRO that represents composers who forgo any compensation

negotiated voluntary license agreement

type of mechanical license for songwriters that are releasing their music on a label for the first time

harry fox agency

subsidiary created by NMPA in 1927 to administer mechanical rights in the US

2 cents

mechanical royalty for a piano roll sold at the start of the 20th century

MLC (mechanical licensing collective)

new agency created to track digital streams

coachella

open air festival where Daft Punk made their 2006 comeback

scaling the house

practice of pricing tickets based upon seat location

geofencing

a smartphone location technology to communicate with fans within a geographical area

terrestrial radio

land bases entities that broadcast on FM and AM frequency bands

rotation

a radio station’s playlist

satellite radio

radio that is available only to subscribers

webcasting

term for non-interactive audio streaming over the Internet