Exam 1 Review BTEC 3317

What is the best definition of biotechnology?

a. The use of technology to improve organisms or their products for the benefit of man

b. The use of technology to improve humans for the benefit of other organisms

c. The use of technology to treat human maladies

d. The use of technology to improve products for the benefit of man

e. The use of technology to improve organisms for their own benefit

a. The use of technology to improve organisms or their products for the benefit of man

Which is not a major concern with xenotransplantation, that is, the use of animal organs in humans?

a. Animal organs have toxic levels of cyanide

b. Possible carry over of bacterial pathogens from the donor animal into the human recipient

 c. Receiving an animal organ or tissue is against some patients' religious beliefs

 d. The transplanted animal organ can get rejected by the human recipient’s immune system

 e. There's possible carry over of viral pathogens from the donor animal into the human recipient

a. Animal organs have toxic levels of cyanide

What does not apply to endotoxins?

a. Endotoxins are substances found in outer wall of Gram negative bacteria

b. Endotoxins are drug impurities that causes runaway immune responses when administered intravenously

 c. Endotoxins are contaminants in drugs that are administered orally that can cause uncontrolled immune response

 d. Endotoxins are drug contaminants that are not a major concern if the drug contaminants are Gram positive bacteria

 e. Endotoxins are drug contaminants in drugs administered intravenously that cause high fever

 c. Endotoxins are contaminants in drugs that are administered orally that can cause uncontrolled immune response

Reliable and accurate devices for the diagnosis and detection of a disease agents are important to be able to implement the right intervention or treatment on the patient. For coronavirus, there are two marketed devices for detection. One is antibody-based and the other uses:

a. X-ray Crystallography

 b. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

 c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

 d. High Performance Liquid Chromatograpy (HPLC)

 e. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

 c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

The Genzyme plant in Massachusetts produces biotherapeutic enzyme replacement for people with Gaucher’s disease. The plant was shut down by the FDA at one point causing a drug shortage concern for many patients. What was the reason for the shut down?

a. FDA found unsanitary conditions in the manufacturing facility

b. Glass pieces were found in the packaged drug product

c. A virus contaminant was found in the cell cultures used to produce the therapeutic protein

 d. FDA found evidence of poor documentation or record keeping by the quality control group

 e. Vials of the therapeutic protein were found contaminated with a simian virus

 f. One personnel handled the production cells despite being sick

c. A virus contaminant was found in the cell cultures used to produce the therapeutic protein

The first genetically modified microorganism that was granted a patent was used in bioremediation to:

 a. Facilitates degradation of organosphosphate pesticides for bioremediation

 b. Facilitate the degradation of crude oil components

 c. Protect plants from freezing injury

 d. Increase the production of fossil fuels

 e. Facilitates conversion of agricultural wastes to crude oil

 b. Facilitate the degradation of crude oil components

A major regulatory concern with FlavRSavR tomato was because the transgene, used to silence a gene that codes for a cell-wall degrading enzyme, was introduced into the plant using:

a. A microscopic worm which could compromise plant health

b. A bacteria which could potentially cause disease in plants

c. Electroporation which could cause disease in plants

d. Protroplast fusion which could make the plants unhealthy

e. A virus which could cause disease in plants

b. A bacteria which could potentially cause disease in plants

Using a gene found in bacteria, many agricultural crops in the US have been genetically modified to be resistant to the herbicide, RoundUp. What is a major concern with plants genetically engineered to be RoundUp resistant?

a. The RoundUp resistance gene can increase the plant susceptibility to insects

b. The RoundUp resistance gene might kill pollinating bees

c. The RoundUp resistance gene can be acquired by weeds.

d. The RoundUp resistance gene may increase disease incidence in plants

e. The RoundUp resistance gene can cause cancer in humans

c. The RoundUp resistance gene can be acquired by weeds.

Plants that produce the insecticidal Bt or cry toxin have also been engineered to kill different types of leaf-chewing caterpillars. What initially was the main concern with transgenic plants producing the cry toxin?

a.  The Bt toxin may kill the plant

b. The Bt toxin can cause indigestion in humans

c. The Bt toxin may lead to herbicide resistant superweeds

d. The Bt toxin may cause neurological disorders in humans

e. The Bt toxin may kill bees that are required for pollination of some flowers

e. The Bt toxin may kill bees that are required for pollination of some flowers

In the first generation of plants that were engineered to be resistant to viruses, one major concern is that:

a. New viral strains may arise that could infect people who eat papaya

b. There will be a viral epidemic

c. The plant will become resistant to many viruses

d. New virus variants may arise that could infect other plants that used to be resistant to the virus

e. The plant will be resistant to only one virus

d. New virus variants may arise that could infect other plants that used to be resistant to the virus

Human glucocebrosidase, for treatment of Gaucher's disease, has been successfully produced using carrot cells. What is a major advantage of producing biotherapeutics in plants vs in animal cells?

a. More properly folded proteins, thus more active proteins using plant cell

b. Less likelihood of contamination by animal viruses

c. Plant cells have added nutritional components compared to animal cells

d. Plants don't have feet and cannot run away

e. Proteins produced in plants have more similar glycosylation patterns to human proteins

b. Less likelihood of contamination by animal viruses

The AquaAdvantage salmon was genetically engineered to be much faster growing than the native salmon counterpart. What is the main concern why FDA took 19 years to approve its commercialization?

a. The nutritional content of Aquadvantage salmon was decreased significantly compared to the native salmon

b. Aquadvantage salmon might outgrow and displace native salmon species

c. Aquadvantage salmon might transmitting a virus to sushi chefs

d. Aquadvantage salmon carries a virus that can kill the native salmon

e. An antibiotic resistance gene is present in the recombinant DNA that was used to create Aquadvantage salmon

b. Aquadvantage salmon might outgrow and displace native salmon species

What is not a risk encountered in pre-natal diagnostic testing by amniocentesis?

a. Amniocentesis can lead to fetal injury

b. Amniocentesis can give incorrect diagnosis of Down Syndrome in an otherwise healthy fetus leading to a decision to have an abortion

c. Amniocentesis can lead to bacterial infection of the mother

 d. Amniocentesis causes miscarriage in up to 5-25% of mothers who undergo the test

 e. Amniocentesis can lead to uncontrolled or profuse bleeding

 d. Amniocentesis causes miscarriage in up to 5-25% of mothers who undergo the test

What is one reason as to why earlier gene therapy clinical trials in humans had to be stopped by the Food and Drug Administration?

a. Several of the treated children developed and died from leukemia

b. Some patients refused to sign informed consent statements

 c. One patient had uncontrolled bleeding

 d. A patient acquired a viral infection from the viral vector used

 e. Several of the treated children acquired and died from pneumonia

a. Several of the treated children developed and died from leukemia

In 2023, defective eyedrops were recalled by the Food and Drug Administration because:

 

a. The eyedrops led to eye-infection in treated patients

 b. The eyedrops led to loss of vision in patients

 c. The eyedrops led to death of some patients

 d. All of the other choices are correct

 e. Bacteria from the eyedrops spread into the blood and organs of patients

 f. The eyedrops were contaminated with deadly antibiotic-resistant bacteria

 d. All of the other choices are correct