chem 114 midterm 1

zero order graph

[A] vs time -ive slope; rate vs concentration straight horizontal line

first order graph

ln[A] vs time -ive slope; rate vs concentration straight sloped upward line

second order

1/[A] vs time + slope; rate vs concentration is curved up

rate of reaction equation aA+ bB to cC+ dD

(-1/a)([A]/t)=(-1/b)([B]/t)=(1/c)([C]/t)=(1/d)([D]/t)

rate laws are written in terms of reactants or products?

reactants

what stays constant in zero order (how to determine the order or data)?

concentration

what stays constant in first order (how to determine the order or data)?

half life

what stays constant in second order (how to determine the order or data)?

half life gets longer

Kc/Keq/Kp is…

[product]/[reactants]

Q TRENDS: Q=K

system balanced therefore no shift at equilibrium

Q TRENDS: Q>K

too many products therefore reaction shifts left

Q TRENDS: Q<K

not enough products therefore shifts right

list of strong acids

HCl

HBr

HI

HClO4

HNO3

H2SO4

Arrhenius acid bases

acids dissociate to release H+ into solution bases release OH-

bronsted-Lowry acid bases

acid donates proton to another substance, bases accepts a proton from another substance

lewis acid and bases

acid accepts an electron, bases donate an electron