PSU kines 101 exam 3 sainburg

motor control

neural mechanism that mediate purposeful action

true

T or F: the nervous system can not cause a desired movement directly

caudal

the occipital lobe is ____ to the frontal lobe

false

T or F: The Forces Producing Limb Motion, such as Walking Result Entirely from Muscle Contraction

true

T of F: The Sagittal plane separates the brain into left and right pieces

frontal

The ______________ lobe mediates planning and execution of movement

temporal

The _____________ lobe mediates audition and language

occipital

The ______________ lobe mediate vision

parietal

The ______________ lobe mediates somatosensory processing

lateral (sylvian) fissure

separates the frontal and temporal lobes

cerebral sulcus

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

midbrain pons medulla

Parts of the brain stem (from top to bottom)

white matter

The corpus callosum is comprised of:

false

T or F: There are only 2 ventricles in the brain

false

T or F: There is more white matter (columns) in the sacral spinal cord than the cervical spinal cord.

optic

Which cranial nerve DOES NOT mediate control of eye movements?

false

T or F: The largest ventricle in the brain is the third ventricle

false

T or F: The pia mater is closer to the skull than the duramater

true

T or F: The pia mater is closer to the brain than the dura mater

false

T or F: The central sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the temporal lobe

false

T or F: The frontal plane separates the brain into right and left sides

arachnoid matter

space between brain and skull

stroke

A leading cause of death in the united states

true

T or F: A Stroke is caused by a disruption in blood supply to a region of the brain

the anterior and posterior communicating arteries, and the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, and the Internal Carotid Artery and the Basilar Artery

the circle of willis is compromised of:

the left and right anterior cerebral arteries

The Anterior Communicating Artery Directly Connects what two arteries?

anterior cerebral

The primary sensory and primary motor cortices are supplied by which artery

false

T or F: The most common type of stroke is Hemorrhagic

Transient Ischemic Attach (TIA)

A small ischemic stroke is also called

Ischemic

A ________ strokes occur when a blood clot blocks the blood flow in an artery

hemorrhagic

A _________stroke occurs when a blood vessel bursts in the brain

false

T or F: Hemiparesis is a common symptom of posterior cerebral artery stroke

dendrites

What parts of the neuron receive synaptic input from other neurons?

false

T or F: The larger a neuron's dendritic tree (arborization), the smaller number of synaptic inputs

Oligodendrocytes

What type of glial cell forms myelin in the Central Nervous System

false

T or F: Saltatory conduction can occur in non-myelinated axons

False

T or F: Electrical synapses release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

false

T or F: Glutamate is a major inhibitory transmitter in the brain

left temporal

where does aphasia occur?

right temporal

where does the loss of emotional content occur?

prefrontal

which cortex do ideas occur?

posterior parietal

which cortex do conform to environmental demands occur?

supplementary and premotor cortices

which cortex does planning occur?

primary motor cortex

which cortex does execution occur?

true

T or F: Imagining but not performing a movement activates supplementary motor area

false

T or F: Imagining but not performing a movement activates primary motor cortex

false

T or F: Mirror neurons in ventral premotor cortex only are active when an individual (monkey) grasps an object

corpus callosum

the two hemispheres of the brain are joined by the ____________

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens

What are the 3 cranial nerve that mediate control of eye movements?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

spinal cord parts (top to bottom)

true

T or F: If one part of the circle becomes blocked or narrowed or one of the arteries supplying the circle

is blocked or narrowed, blood flow from the other blood vessels can be preserved well enough to avoid the symptoms of

ischemia (inadequate blood supply typically followed by tissue damage).

astrocytes

maintains chemical environment

oligodendrocytes

form myelin sheaths

schwann cells

form myelin in peripheral nervous system

microglia

macrophages

programming

basal ganglia performs

planning

cerebellum and basal ganglia performs

execution

cerebellum and spinal cord performs

spinal cord

contains machinery for sensorimotor interactions that are quick and automatic

muscle spindles

measure muscle length and speed of length change

Golgi tendon organs

measure muscle force

the stretch reflex

the quickest and simplest reflex in the body

central pattern generators

self contained circuitry in CNS that codes for ongoing rhythmic activities such as locomotion, breathing, and scratching, among other behaviors

false

T or F: central patter generators require sensory input

basal ganglia

collection of nuclei at the base of the hemispheres

true

T or F: abstract plans can be executed by different body parts

speed and distance

what 2 things are planned in advance before actual movements

distance

which is planned first: direction or distance

hypertonicity

hyperactive stretch reflexes results in high muscle tone

stroke and cerebral palsy

hypertonicity is associated with what 2 diseases?

hypotonicity

reduced or absent stretch reflexes results in low muscle tone

cerebellar damage and down's syndrome

hypotonicity is associated with what 2 diseases?