25 Growth, Cities, and Immigration

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and outcomes related to American urbanization and immigration during the late 19th to early 20th century as discussed in the lecture.

What significant change happened to the American population between 1850 and 1920?

The American population shifted from predominantly rural to largely urban.

What was the Homestead Act and its impact?

It allowed more than a million land claims to be filed in the 1890s, promoting westward expansion.

Which city experienced the most significant growth during urbanization?

New York City, especially after the consolidation of its boroughs in 1898.

What percentage of the American population lived in cities by 1920?

68% of Americans lived in cities by 1920.

What were tenements and their significance in the late 19th century?

Tenements were crowded apartment buildings designed for workers, often with poor living conditions.

What was the main reason for the increase in immigration to America in the late 19th century?

Many immigrants sought economic opportunities and were escaping persecution in their home countries.

Which groups made up the majority of immigrants during the 19th century?

Irish, German, and southern and eastern European immigrants, particularly from Italy and the Russian Empire.

What event caused significant Irish immigration to the United States?

The potato famine in the 1840s.

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act and when was it enacted?

It was a law passed in 1882 that prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States.

What was the response of the Supreme Court in the case of Yick Wo v. Hopkins?

The Court ruled that San Francisco must grant Chinese-operated laundries licenses to operate.

What urban problems prompted the progressive reform movement?

Problems related to urbanization, mechanization, capitalism, and resource distribution.

How did the construction of elevated railroads and subways impact urban life?

They improved transportation but also led to increased residential segregation.

What was the perception of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe at the end of the 19th century?

They were often viewed negatively due to prejudiced theories categorizing them as belonging to inferior 'races'.

How many immigrants came to the United States from 1840 to 1914?

A total of about 40 million immigrants entered the U.S. during that period.

What is shown by the growing distance between rich and poor in urban areas?

The visible economic inequality became a source of concern for social reform.