Kinzie et al (1987)
examined long term TCA treatment, found cultural and educational factors influence compliance with treatment of depression
Kirmayer (2001)
concludes that there must be a clinical negotiation between the clinician and the patient because people interpret their symptoms differently
clinical negotionation
establish a common interpretation of the set of symptoms and frame it in culturally acceptable terms
internal model of illness
a culturally determined schematic representation of a mental disorder
Naeem et al (2012)
aimed to develop a culturally sensitive CBT programme, found 4 main themes
perceptions of depression
one of Naeem’s 4 main themes - physical symptoms mentioned more often
model of cuases
one of Naeem’s 4 main themes - were not aware of the existence of types of mental illness
modes of referral for help
one of Naeem’s 4 main themes - most were referred to the clinic by relatives
knowledge and experience concerning treatment of depression
one of Naeem’s 4 main themes - most believed they could be cured by “good quality medicine”
top down adaptations
making relatively superficial changes to the treatment
bottom-up adaptations
making relatively deep changes to the treatment
Ecological Validity Framework
outlines language, persons, metaphors, content, concepts, goals, method, and context as areas that may be adapted
Griner and Smith (2006)
conducted a meta-analysis to examine the benefit of culturally adapted treatments, found cultural adaptations carried out for specific subpopulations may be more effective
Kalibatseva and Leong (2014)
conducted a meta analysis using both individual and group CBT, found accommodation for culture-specific values