Aryan
white, Northern Europeans, described as the ideal “pure race”
Jewish
most prosecuted group by nazi’s
Concentration camp
extermination (death) prisons
Hiroshima, Japan
where the first atomic bomb dropped
Nagasaki, Japan
where the second atomic bomb dropped
Korematsu Vs United States
ruled removal was ok when “militarily necessary”
Axis powers
Germany, Japan, and Italy
GI Bill
gave education, job training, pensions, and mortgage loans to veterans
Lend Lease Act
said the US could lend and lease weapons/equipment to Britain or other countries if they were considered important to U.S security
Blitzkrieg
lighting war
Appeasement
giving in to the aggressor
D-Day
On June 6th 1944, American, British, and Canadian soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy, France
Fascism
Political ideology characterized by a dictator, extreme nationalism and militarism, and greatness through imperialism. (used by Italy in the 1920s/30s)
Explain what caused Britain and France to ultimately declare war
Germany invading Poland
Define Nazism
German brand of fascism whose goal was to unite Germans living throughout central Europe and Added the belief that Aryan people were superior
Define “blitzkrieg.” Explain how blitzkrieg fighting was used
Blitzerg warfare is lighting war. It was used in WWII by tanks and planes working together to surprise enemies and quickly overcome them
Explain the terms of the Munich Pact
Gave Germany Sudetenland if they agreed to not over anywhere else
Explain the terms of the non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union
they would agree not to fight each other and split Poland
Explain why some people were opposed to (against) the U.S. joining WWII
People were against military actions and isolationists thought the U.S couldn’t right wrongs and democracy could not be saved overseas
Explain the war’s effects on the U.S. economy by 1943
It helped end the Great Depression through the war production and new opportunities in war industries
Define “De Facto segregation.”
Segregation by custom or practice (ex. redlining)
Explain why the GI Bill of Rights is significant
It was significant because it gave veterans govt benefits
Explain what was being argued in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. List the results of Brown v. Board
Argued segregation was unconstitutional because it denied Brown “equal protection under the law.” The results were that Plessy v Ferguson was overturned and the Supreme Court agreed with it
Explain President Eisenhower’s role in school integration and the Little Rock Nine
sent 1000 federal troops to oversee 10,000 National guards to implement integration
List where specifically the 2 atomic bombs were dropped(which were first and second)
The first was dropped in Hiroshima, the second in Nagasaki
Cuban Missile Crisis
JFK said spy planes saw Soviet-built missile bases in Cuba, and each side prepared to launch nuclear weapons, Soviet missiles could reach the U.S. from Cuba
Containment policy
U.S. strategy about stopping the spread of communism
Cesar Chavez
Mexican American Civil Rights leader and activist of the 1960s who formed the United Farms Workers org which organized boycotts and strikes for Mexican American farm workers
Define “De Jure segregation.”
Segregation by law
Gloria Steinman
American feminist, political activist, and journalist
Betty Friedan
Wrote The Feminine Mystique which showed that women can be more than just housewives
Martin Luther King
believed that change for African Americans could be achieved by non-violent direct action(protests), gaining white allies, and political changes securing rights
Malcolm X
believed that change could be achieved by Black Nationalism, African Americans helping their own, militant self-defense, and not trying to change the minds of white people
Rosa Parks
Refused to give up her seat to a white man which sparked the Montgomery bus boycotts
Children’s March
Marches led by children in Alabama
Explain what happened in the Birmingham Children’s Campaign
Marches led by children in Alabama. It resulted in Pres. JFK supported making federal civil rights legislation which led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964
List and define the different components of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII (7)- outlawed employment discrimination
Allowed equal access to public accommodations and schools
List a difference between Malcolm X and MLK
Their differences include Malcolm X's beliefs in black people helping their own, black nationalism, self, and not changing white people. However, MLK believed AAs should protest, gain white allies, and secure political rights
Define the Black Panther Party
Militant organization that focused on the immediate end to discrimination and protection of African Americans from police violence
Explain what role Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta played in the Chicano Movement
Both of them formed the United Farms Workers org which organized boycotts and strikes for Mexican American farm workers
List what issues the American Indian Movement (AIM) focused on that were caused by colonialism
Government treaty obligations, high unemployment rates, and Indigenous culture and education
List who wrote The Feminine Mystique
Betty Friedan
Define the Stonewall Inn Riot
Credited as the beginning of the LGBTQ civil rights movement
List the Great Society’s main goal
Its goal was to end poverty through the growth of social programs
Explain the difference between Medicare and Medicaid
Medicare is for the elderly and Medicaid is for the poor and the disabled
Explain why conservatives didn’t like the Great Society
Critics said the Great Society was too expensive, inefficient, too idealistic, and created people dependent on the government
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
gave Pres LBJ full power to run any operations in Vietnam
Vietnamization
Turn over fighting ground to the South Vietnamese, reduce U.S. troops, and a “peace with honor strategy”
Kent State shootings
1970 National Guardsmen fired into anti-war rally at Kent State University in Ohio, 4 killed
Cambodia
U.S. invaded and bombed in 1970
Stagflation
When economic growth goes down while inflation and unemployment goes up
Détente
Policy of having less tension with the Soviet Union and openness with China
Hostage Crisis
Iranian students took hostages from the American embassy in Tehran until the Shah was returned. Lasted 14 months until Reagan’s inauguration
Pentagon Papers
made the American public question continuing to be in Vietnam and the government's motives
Roe v Wade
Ruled that abortion performed during the 1st trimester was allowed
List who the U.S. supported in the conflict in Vietnam after WWII
The U.S supported France
Define what the Ho Chi Minh Trail was
How the Vietcong got supplies from N. Vietnam to S. Vietnam, partly through Cambodia
Explain why Vietnam was called a Living Room War
Information and reporting about the war was televised on American TV
Describe President Lyndon B. Johnson’s role in Vietnam Define the Tonkin Gulf Resolution
The golf of Tonkin Resolution gave Pres LBJ full power to run any operations in Vietnam
Define what the Tet Offensive was
In 1968 where the Vietcong led an attack on South Vietnam
Explain the significance of the Tet Offensive
It was televised and it showed the U.S was not winning the war
List what new country the U.S. invaded and bombed in 1970 under Nixon
Cambodia
Describe what the actions in that country triggered at home
Student anti-war protests
Describe Nixon’s strategy to end the Vietnam War
Vietnamization
Define the Watergate Scandal
The break-in at the Democratic National Committee Headquarters resulted in a cover-up by Nixons administration
Explain what OPEC is
Formed by oil-rich countries to control the price of their oil
List the effects of the energy crisis on the U.S.
gas prices increasing by 40%, Americans buying more fuel-efficient foreign cars, unemployment, and inflation which made goods go up by 20%
Explain what women’s activism in the 1970s focused on
Rights for women's bodies like women's health, fixing anti-abortion laws, and anti-rape movements
Supply-side economics
the idea that lowering taxes increases jobs, savings, and investments
Deficits
the federal government's spending exceeds its revenues
Iran Contra-Affair
Oliver North allowed the CIA to use money from the Iran weapons deal to fund the contras which violated the Boland Amendment
1st Persian Gulf War
Saddam Hussien invaded Kuwait in 1990
Rodney King
Black motorist who was brutally beaten by white officers after a high-speed chase which led to the LA riots
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The goal was to strengthen the US economy by lowering prices on items and making a "Free trade zone”.
Clinton’s Impeachment
Lied under oath about his affair
Balancing the Budget
Clinton was able to
USA Patriot Act
2001 could monitor citizens and arrest suspected terrorists
List the reasons for the growth of the conservative movement since the 1960s
Less public trust in govt, bad economy with high inflation, backlash against liberal programs, perceived of increasing immorality, changing roles, and failure of foreign policy in Vietnam
List the goals of the conservative movement
Smaller govt, less fed spending, strength national defense, promote family values and patriotic ideals, and help business by reducing govt regulation and lowering taxes
Explain why Ronald Reagan won the Presidential Election of 1980
He had a charming personality, Pres. Carter was seen as a failure because of the bad economy he hadn’t fixed and the Iran hostage crisis
Explain how you achieve supply-side economics
Cutting taxes which encourages investment, and production, and motivates buying
Explain what caused the Persian Gulf War
Iraq invading Kuwait
Explain the significance of Rodney King
The riots led to over 50 ppl being killed, $1 billion in damage, none of the officers were convicted, and the racial violence sparked protests
Explain what al-Qaeda is and its leader
A radical terrorist network whose leader was Osama Bin Laden
List accomplishments Clinton had with the federal budget
He was able to balance the budget and reduce the deficit
Explain why Clinton was impeached
He lied under oath
Explain the results of the Presidential Election of 2000 (beyond who won)
The Supreme Court had to get involved and had to declare GW Bush as president
Describe GW Bush’s response to the 9/11 attacks
Invade afghanistan, declaring a “war on terror”, driving the Taliban out of power
Explain why the U.S invaded Iraq
Believed Saddam Hussien had weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
Define the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, Obamacare)
2010, universal health insurance
Lists the purpose of PPACA
reduce the number of uninsured citizens
What was the outcome of PPACA
the number of uninsured citizens dropped significantly
Explain why J. Robert Oppenheimer is significant
He was the lead scientist in the Manhattan Project, leading the design and development of nuclear weapons and the atomic bomb used in Japan
Allies Alliance
the UK, and the Soviet Union
Explain how women fulfilled a war need on the U.S. home front
Women taking jobs in the defense industry, rationing, and buying war bonds
List the reasons for Japanese imprisonment (internment)
Japanese people were viewed as spies and believed they could hurt the war effort. Many people wanted them separated from society
List the groups that Hitler began to persecute. List which group suffered the most
He began to prosecute non-Aryan people in Europe (ex. Polish and Romani). The group that suffered the most was the Jewish people
List a barrier for women in the military
Couldn’t join combat roles (active fighting)
Explain the top 2 reasons why President Truman decided to use the atomic bomb
Save U.S lives and shorten the war
Baby boom
a large generation born between 1946-1964