Semester 2 US History Final

Aryan

white, Northern Europeans, described as the ideal “pure race”

Jewish

most prosecuted group by nazi’s

Concentration camp

extermination (death) prisons

Hiroshima, Japan

where the first atomic bomb dropped

Nagasaki, Japan

where the second atomic bomb dropped

Korematsu Vs United States

ruled removal was ok when “militarily necessary”

Axis powers

Germany, Japan, and Italy

GI Bill

gave education, job training, pensions, and mortgage loans to veterans

Lend Lease Act

said the US could lend and lease weapons/equipment to Britain or other countries if they were considered important to U.S security

Blitzkrieg

lighting war

Appeasement

giving in to the aggressor  

D-Day

On June 6th 1944, American, British, and Canadian soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy, France

Fascism

Political ideology characterized by a dictator, extreme nationalism and militarism, and greatness through imperialism. (used by Italy in the 1920s/30s)

Explain what caused Britain and France to ultimately declare war

Germany invading Poland

Define Nazism

German brand of fascism whose goal was to unite Germans living throughout central Europe and Added the belief that Aryan people were superior 

Define “blitzkrieg.” Explain how blitzkrieg fighting was used

Blitzerg warfare is lighting war. It was used in WWII by tanks and planes working together to surprise enemies and quickly overcome them

Explain the terms of the Munich Pact

Gave Germany Sudetenland if they agreed to not over anywhere else

Explain the terms of the non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union

they would agree not to fight each other and split Poland

Explain why some people were opposed to (against) the U.S. joining WWII

People were against military actions and isolationists thought the U.S couldn’t right wrongs and democracy could not be saved overseas

Explain the war’s effects on the U.S. economy by 1943

It helped end the Great Depression through the war production and new opportunities in war industries

Define “De Facto segregation.”

Segregation by custom or practice (ex. redlining)

Explain why the GI Bill of Rights is significant

It was significant because it gave veterans govt benefits

Explain what was being argued in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. List the results of Brown v. Board

Argued segregation was unconstitutional because it denied Brown “equal protection under the law.” The results were that Plessy v Ferguson was overturned and the Supreme Court agreed with it

Explain President Eisenhower’s role in school integration and the Little Rock Nine

sent 1000 federal troops to oversee 10,000 National guards to implement integration

List where specifically the 2 atomic bombs were dropped(which were first and second)

The first was dropped in Hiroshima, the second in Nagasaki

Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK said spy planes saw Soviet-built missile bases in Cuba, and each side prepared to launch nuclear weapons, Soviet missiles could reach the U.S. from Cuba

Containment policy

U.S. strategy about stopping the spread of communism

Cesar Chavez

Mexican American Civil Rights leader and activist of the 1960s who formed the United Farms Workers org which organized boycotts and strikes for Mexican American farm workers

Define “De Jure segregation.”

Segregation by law

Gloria Steinman

American feminist, political activist, and journalist

Betty Friedan

Wrote The Feminine Mystique which showed that women can be more than just housewives

Martin Luther King

believed that change for African Americans could be achieved by non-violent direct action(protests), gaining white allies, and political changes securing rights

Malcolm X

believed that change could be achieved by Black Nationalism, African Americans helping their own, militant self-defense, and not trying to change the minds of white people

Rosa Parks

Refused to give up her seat to a white man which sparked the Montgomery bus boycotts

Children’s March

Marches led by children in Alabama

Explain what happened in the Birmingham Children’s Campaign

Marches led by children in Alabama. It resulted in Pres. JFK supported making federal civil rights legislation which led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964

List and define the different components of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

• Title VII (7)- outlawed employment discrimination

• Allowed equal access to public accommodations and schools

List a difference between Malcolm X and MLK

Their differences include Malcolm X's beliefs in black people helping their own, black nationalism, self, and not changing white people. However, MLK believed AAs should protest, gain white allies, and secure political rights

Define the Black Panther Party

Militant organization that focused on the immediate end to discrimination and protection of African Americans from police violence

Explain what role Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta played in the Chicano Movement

Both of them formed the United Farms Workers org which organized boycotts and strikes for Mexican American farm workers

List what issues the American Indian Movement (AIM) focused on that were caused by colonialism

Government treaty obligations, high unemployment rates, and Indigenous culture and education

List who wrote The Feminine Mystique

Betty Friedan

Define the Stonewall Inn Riot

Credited as the beginning of the LGBTQ civil rights movement

List the Great Society’s main goal

Its goal was to end poverty through the growth of social programs

Explain the difference between Medicare and Medicaid

Medicare is for the elderly and Medicaid is for the poor and the disabled

Explain why conservatives didn’t like the Great Society

Critics said the Great Society was too expensive, inefficient, too idealistic, and created people dependent on the government

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

gave Pres LBJ full power to run any operations in Vietnam

Vietnamization

Turn over fighting ground to the South Vietnamese, reduce U.S. troops, and a “peace with honor strategy”

Kent State shootings

1970 National Guardsmen fired into anti-war rally at Kent State University in Ohio, 4 killed

Cambodia

U.S. invaded and bombed in 1970

Stagflation

When economic growth goes down while inflation and unemployment goes up

Détente

Policy of having less tension with the Soviet Union and openness with China

Hostage Crisis

Iranian students took hostages from the American embassy in Tehran until the Shah was returned. Lasted 14 months until Reagan’s inauguration

Pentagon Papers

made the American public question continuing to be in Vietnam and the government's motives

Roe v Wade

Ruled that abortion performed during the 1st trimester was allowed

List who the U.S. supported in the conflict in Vietnam after WWII

The U.S supported France

Define what the Ho Chi Minh Trail was

How the Vietcong got supplies from N. Vietnam to S. Vietnam, partly through Cambodia

Explain why Vietnam was called a Living Room War

Information and reporting about the war was televised on American TV

Describe President Lyndon B. Johnson’s role in Vietnam Define the Tonkin Gulf Resolution

The golf of Tonkin Resolution gave Pres LBJ full power to run any operations in Vietnam

Define what the Tet Offensive was

In 1968 where the Vietcong led an attack on South Vietnam

Explain the significance of the Tet Offensive

It was televised and it showed the U.S was not winning the war

List what new country the U.S. invaded and bombed in 1970 under Nixon

Cambodia

Describe what the actions in that country triggered at home

Student anti-war protests

Describe Nixon’s strategy to end the Vietnam War

Vietnamization

Define the Watergate Scandal

The break-in at the Democratic National Committee Headquarters resulted in a cover-up by Nixons administration

Explain what OPEC is

Formed by oil-rich countries to control the price of their oil

List the effects of the energy crisis on the U.S.

gas prices increasing by 40%, Americans buying more fuel-efficient foreign cars, unemployment, and inflation which made goods go up by 20%

Explain what women’s activism in the 1970s focused on

Rights for women's bodies like women's health, fixing anti-abortion laws, and anti-rape movements 

Supply-side economics

the idea that lowering taxes increases jobs, savings, and investments

Deficits

the federal government's spending exceeds its revenues

Iran Contra-Affair

Oliver North allowed the CIA to use money from the Iran weapons deal to fund the contras which violated the Boland Amendment

1st Persian Gulf War

Saddam Hussien invaded Kuwait in 1990

Rodney King

Black motorist who was brutally beaten by white officers after a high-speed chase which led to the LA riots

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The goal was to strengthen the US economy by lowering prices on items and making a "Free trade zone”.

Clinton’s Impeachment

Lied under oath about his affair

Balancing the Budget

Clinton was able to

USA Patriot Act

2001 could monitor citizens and arrest suspected terrorists

List the reasons for the growth of the conservative movement since the 1960s

Less public trust in govt, bad economy with high inflation, backlash against liberal programs, perceived of increasing immorality, changing roles, and failure of foreign policy in Vietnam

List the goals of the conservative movement

Smaller govt, less fed spending, strength national defense, promote family values and patriotic ideals, and help business by reducing govt regulation and lowering taxes

Explain why Ronald Reagan won the Presidential Election of 1980

He had a charming personality, Pres. Carter was seen as a failure because of the bad economy he hadn’t fixed and the Iran hostage crisis

Explain how you achieve supply-side economics

Cutting taxes which encourages investment, and production, and motivates buying

Explain what caused the Persian Gulf War

Iraq invading Kuwait

Explain the significance of Rodney King

The riots led to over 50 ppl being killed, $1 billion in damage, none of the officers were convicted, and the racial violence sparked protests

Explain what al-Qaeda is and its leader

A radical terrorist network whose leader was Osama Bin Laden

List accomplishments Clinton had with the federal budget

He was able to balance the budget and reduce the deficit

Explain why Clinton was impeached

He lied under oath

Explain the results of the Presidential Election of 2000 (beyond who won)

The Supreme Court had to get involved and had to declare GW Bush as president

Describe GW Bush’s response to the 9/11 attacks

Invade afghanistan, declaring a “war on terror”, driving the Taliban out of power

Explain why the U.S invaded Iraq

Believed Saddam Hussien had weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Define the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, Obamacare)

2010, universal health insurance

Lists the purpose of PPACA

reduce the number of uninsured citizens

What was the outcome of PPACA

the number of uninsured citizens dropped significantly

Explain why J. Robert Oppenheimer is significant

He was the lead scientist in the Manhattan Project, leading the design and development of nuclear weapons and the atomic bomb used in Japan

Allies Alliance

the UK, and the Soviet Union

Explain how women fulfilled a war need on the U.S. home front

Women taking jobs in the defense industry, rationing, and buying war bonds 

List the reasons for Japanese imprisonment (internment)

Japanese people were viewed as spies and believed they could hurt the war effort. Many people wanted them separated from society

List the groups that Hitler began to persecute. List which group suffered the most

He began to prosecute non-Aryan people in Europe (ex. Polish and Romani). The group that suffered the most was the Jewish people

List a barrier for women in the military

Couldn’t join combat roles (active fighting)

Explain the top 2 reasons why President Truman decided to use the atomic bomb

Save U.S lives and shorten the war

Baby boom

a large generation born between 1946-1964