Unit 6 Ecology Vocab

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34 Terms

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abiotic
non-living factors in the environment
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biotic
living factors in the environment
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organism
Any living thing
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ecology
the study of the interaction between organisms and the environment
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biosphere
The ecosystems of planet earth
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individual
one organism, a single living thing
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biome
An area with similar climate and ecosystems
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population
a group of interbreeding organisms, of the same species living in the same area (all of the deer in the forest)
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ecosystem
all the organisms living in the same area AND their nonliving environment
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community
all the organisms of all types living in the same area
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producer
An organism that gets its energy from the sun
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consumer
An organisms that gets its energy from eating other organisms
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decomposer
An organism that gets its energy from breaking down dead organisms
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carnivore
A type of consumer that eats only other animals
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herbivore
A type of consumer that eats only plants
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omnivore
A type of consumer that eats both plants and animals
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predator-prey
When one organism feeds on another organism
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parasitism
A symbiotic relationship in which the health of one organism benefits and the health of the other is harmed
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competition
the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
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carrying capacity
The largest population that an area can support
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limiting factor
An environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing
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Energy Flow through Food Webs
Only about 10% of usable energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. Reason: usable energy lost as heat
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food web
network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
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Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
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resource
any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space
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symbiotic relationship
The relationship between two species that live in close association with each other
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Mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
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Commensalism
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
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Parasitism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
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Energy pyramid
A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food web
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Habitat
the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
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Immigration
Movement of individuals into a population
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Emigration
movement of individuals out of a population