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What was the original economic relationship between England and its colonies?
England used the colonies to supply raw materials, controlling resources and ensuring that the colonies traded primarily with them.
What was the theory of mercantilism?
Mercantilism was the belief that a country could sustain itself economically while competing for gold and silver.
What is the balance of trade?
The balance of trade refers to the comparison between the amounts of goods sold to and bought from other countries.
How did Britain view its American Colonies in terms of mercantilism?
Britain saw the colonies as a market for British goods, a source of raw materials, and a producer of goods to be sold to other countries.
What economic threat led England to pass the Navigation Acts?
England viewed smuggling and trade with other countries as a threat, undermining its control and profit from colonial trade.
What were the four key points of the Navigation Acts?
Goods to the colonies must be shipped in colonial or English ships. 2. Crews must be at least three-quarters English or colonial. 3. Certain products could only be exported to England. 4. Most goods traded must pass through an English port.
What effects did the Navigation Acts have on Britain and its colonies?
The acts allowed Britain to benefit economically from colonial raw materials but caused discontent among colonists, some of whom resorted to smuggling.
Who did Charles II view as resistant to English authority, and what did he do?
Charles II identified Massachusetts merchants as resistant and revoked the colony’s charter, turning it into a royal colony.
What was the Dominion of New England?
Created by James II in 1685, it governed from southern Maine to New Jersey and aimed for tighter control over the colonies.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
The 1688 event where William of Orange overthrew King James II due to fears of a Catholic dynasty, resulting in a Protestant joint monarchy with Mary.
Who succeeded James II on the throne?
William and Mary were chosen by Parliament as joint monarchs following the Glorious Revolution.
What changes were made to the Massachusetts Charter when it was restored?
The restored charter gave the crown more power, hindering local governance and imposing stricter royal oversight.
How did Parliament strengthen the Navigation Acts after the Glorious Revolution?
They moved smuggling trials to English admiralty courts and created the Board of Trade to monitor colonial trade.
What is meant by 'While England appeared to tighten its grip, in reality it loosened its hold'?
Despite seeming stricter regulations, England was less strict in enforcing those regulations.
What is salutary neglect?
The policy of not enforcing the Navigation Acts by English officials.
How did both the colonies and Great Britain benefit from salutary neglect?
Colonies enjoyed more freedom in trade while Great Britain expended fewer resources on enforcement.
What is meant by the 'power of the purse' in relation to colonists?
It refers to the ability of colonists to influence the governor by controlling financial support or bribes.
What was the impact of salutary neglect on the colonies' loyalties?
It allowed colonies to practice self-governance, leading to eventual rebellion.
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