APHUG Semester 1 Final

Most of the one billion malnourished people in the world..

all of the above

The set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening independence regardless of national boundaries are called.

globalization

the branch of geography that focuses upon natural landform, climate, soils, and vegetables of the earth is

physical geography

The importance of the spatial approach that geographers use in their studies is that it shows

the arrangement and organization of things on the surface of the earth

Which geographical theme would involve the study of the impact of the drainage of part of Florida Everglades

human environment

____ refers to the infusing of a locality with meaning and emotion

sense of place

The degree of direct linkage between one particular location and others location in a transport network is referred to as

connectivity

Geographer Carl O. Sauer is most closely connected with

cultural landscape

The coordinates of absolute location are useful mainly to determining exact _______

distance and direction

The physical location of a place using the Earth latitude-longitude grid is properly called the:

absolute location

The location of a place in relationships to other places or features around it is called

relative location

The mental map you have of places you routinely visit is a map of your _____

activity spaces

A good example of a formal region would be __

region of similar language

A good example of a functional region would be

a city and its surrounding region

The cultural geographer Wilbur Zelinksy approached the task of defining and delimiting the perceptual regions of the United States and southern Canada by analyzing ___

contents of hundreds of telephones directories of metropolitan areas

Cultural geographers identity a single element of normal practice (e.g. cattle herding) as:

cultural trait

The spread of ideas, cultural traits, knowledge and skills from their place at origin to other areas where they are adapted is called ___

diffusion

Hagerstrand emphasized that the role of _____ and distance in diffusion

time

The greater the distance from the hearth the less likely an innovation will be adopted. This is referred to as ___

distance decay

The lack of diffusion of alcoholic beverages to Islamic regions illustrates the effect of ___

cultural barriers.

Which form of diffusion cannot be transmitted by media (televisions, internet, and radio)?

relocation diffusion

Over the pas century the place of human environmental change has ____

increased significantly

Replacement level, the number of births needed to keep a population at a stable level without immigration requires a total fertility of ___

2.1

Countries with aging populations attempt to stimulate economic growth to lessen the effect of rising medical and retirement cost by ___

promoting immigration

Almost everywhere on Earth, total fertility rates (TFR's) are ___

falling

The arithmetic density of population for a country is determined by diving the total ____

population by the total area

The problem with using arithmetic population density to investigate the population pattern of a country is that such a density figure does not take into consideration ___

internal clustering of people within the country

The number of people per unit area of agriculture productive land is the ___

physiologic density

The region with the most densely clustered population in North America is ___

the NE Megalopolis corridor region

A person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group of political opinion is officially a _____

refugee

in 1789, a British economist named Thomas Malthus published an essay to which he claimed that while population increased at what he called a geometric rate, the means of substances grew only at ___

an antiemetic (linear) rate

Births and _____ add to the population growth of a particular country

immigrations

The statistic that report the number of deaths per thousand people in a given year is called _____

the crude death/mortality rate

Low population growth resulting from high CBR and very high CBR is characteristic of stage ___ of the demographic transition

I

A population pyramids with a wide base and narrow top is indictive of _____

developing countries

A developed country that has reached a stage where the population is most stable will develop a population pyramid that is ____

rectangular shaped

Population policies which favor the promotion of birth control among certain groups in the population (ethnic, religious, or socio-economic groups) are referred to as ____

eugenics

A vectored infection disease is

transmitted by an intermediary such as mosquitos

What is the model which states that spatial interaction between places (e.g. migration) is directly relate to the population size and inversely related to the distance between them?

gravity model

The type of movement that involves journeys that begin at and bring us back to our home base daily is called ___

cyclic

Most nomadic movement takes place according to the travel patterns that are

repeated time and time again

Which of the identified types of movement created your activity space

cyclic

Which of the following is not one of Ernst Ravenstein's law of migration

the majority of the urban migrations are uneducated

A periodic form of movement that involves a system of pastoral farming whereby livestock and their keepers adjust their location to the seasonal availability of pastures is called

transhumance

The long-term relocation of an individual, household, or group to a new location outside the community of origin is called ____

migration

During the first decades of the twentieth century, African Americans families in the United States migrated primarily to ____

the North

Gender studies of migration indicate that men ____ than women

all of the above

_______ culture is conceived as small incorporating a homogenous population, typically rural and cohesive in cultural traits

folk

The ___ of a group of people includes the things they construct

material culture

The fact that trends in popular culture (e.g. fashion) proceed from large global centers (Milan, Paris, New York) through a series of progressively smaller cities is an example of

hierarchical diffusion

Government efforts to discourage native practice and languages in the United States and Canada were attempts to _____ native groups

assimilate

Anabaptist groups have tried to restrict contact with the outside world by

migrating to rural areas

The building of a sense of community identity around the idea of "Swedish-ness" in Lindsborg, Kansas is an example of

neolocalism

Urban local cultures (such as China Town in San Francisco and the International District in Seattle) are example of

ethnic neighborhoods

Cultural appropriation for purposes of profit (e.g. buying a Native American dream catcher) is referred to as an example of

commodification

Geographer David Harvey refers to the increasing speed by which innovations in popular culture diffuse as

time-space compression

Globalized popular culture can be picked up and reproduced by people in the context of their local culture. This is referred to as:

reterritorialization

According to Edward, the term which best captures the quality of the American landscape which is associated with the spread of popular culture is

placelessness

A culture's assumptions about the differences between men and women, their character, roles and divisions of labor are referred to as

gender

According to Gillian Rose, "identity" is

how we make sense of ourselves

In New York, Puerto Ricans moved into the Jewish neighborhood of East Harlem and assumed a dominant presence in the neighborhood. This process is best described as:

succession

All of the following are Latin-based Romance languages except

English

A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called

an isogloss

The most widely used Indo-European language today is

English

Latin octo (eight) becomes Italian otta, spanish ocho, and french huit. This is an example of

sound shift

The belief that inanimate objects (e.g. trees, mountains, boulders) contain spirits is

animism

which of the following is not generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion

always polytheistic

The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world is

Christianity

One of the unique characteristics of Hinduism is that it

emerged without a prophet, book of scriptures, and without evolving a bureaucratic structure comparable to those of the Christian religions

Buddhism has its source in

India

The teachings of Lao-Tsu form the tenants of . . .

Taosim

Most ___ states gained independence after 1940

African

The promotion of the acquisition of wealth through colonization, and the protection of home industries and foreign markets during Europe's rebirth was called

mercantilism

Kurdistan

is a stateless nation

Europe exported it concepts of state, sovereignty and the nation-state ideal to much of the rest of the world through ____

colonialism

Wallerstein's views expressed in world systems theory hold that the global integrating force has been

capitalism

Which is not characteristic of unitary-state government

concerned with fostering diversity of regional cultural expression

The movement of power from the central government regional governments is referred to as ___

devolution

The process of adjustment of the number of representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives to reflect shifts in population patterns is known as

reapportionment

A boundary between countries is a _____

vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below and air above

The boundary between the United States and Canada west of the Great Lakes is an example of a(n)

geometric boundary

Geometric boundaries, totally unrelated to any aspects of the cultural or physical landscape, were made considerable use of by the colonialism powers in __________

Africa

Sir Halford Mackinder developed what would become known as the heartland theory which suggested that interior Eurasia contained a critical "pivot area" that would generate a state capable of challenging for world domination. The key to the area according to Mackinder was _________

Eastern Europe

________ explores the spatial ideas an understandings of political figures, media, and geography. And, how these interact to create governmental policies. For instance, during the Cold War. President Reagan coined the term "Evil Empire" for the Soviet Union

critical geopolitics

Technically supranationalism refers to efforts by ______ or more states to forge associations for common advantage and in pursuit of common goals.

3

Participation in the United Nations serves the useful purpose of committing states to ________.

international standards of behavior

Among the challenges to the state in the twenty-fourth century are all the following concept except

the United Nations

Which of the following states fit into morphology description of a fragmented state

Japan

Since this type of state traverses long (often narrow) section of land, it encompass diverse types of climates, resources and peoples.

elongated

Forces within a state that encourage unity as ____ and the forces that divide them as _____

centripetal, centrifugal