RBT Terms and Definitions

What does the acronym ABLL's-R stand for

The Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills-Revised

What is ABLL's-R

A criterion referenced assessment and tracking system. It evaluates 25 skills

Define Apraxia

A brain/motor speech disorder. The brain cannot effectively coordinate the muscle movement necessary to say words, specific sounds or syllables.

What is an assessment and how would it be used

a tool used to assist with an Evalution. The BCBA plans to use VB-MAPP to assess the learner's skills.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Give an example

DMS-V: Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.
A boy constantly lines up his trains.

What is Baseline Data? Give an example

A measurement of an individual's behavior or skills before intervention.
The RBT tracks baseline data of the number of times learner picks at his skin with no intervention.

What is a BCBA and What do they do?

Board Certified Behavioral Analyst. Requirements for this certification include completing a prescribed number of university master's level coursework, completing 1500 clinical work hours under the supervision of a BCBA, and passing the required written board exam. Continuing education credits are required for recertification every 2 years. The BCBA's include but are not limited to conducting assessments, written behavior plans, and treatment programs, training staff and parents.

What is BCaBA?

Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst. A professional with an undergraduate-level certification in behavior analysis services under the supervision of a BCBA.

Define Behavior and provide examples

The activity of living organism that is observable and measurable.
Henry yells and cried without tears for two minutes.

What is Behavior Analyst Certification Board

The BACB is known for credentialing RBT's, BCBA's, BCBA-D's, ensuring that those certified are following and meeting ethical codes and continuing education.

What is Behavior Contract

A written agreement that is used to establish the expected behaviors or tasks to be completed and the reward the client earns upon the completion of the agreement

What is Behavior Contrast

this is associated with multiple schedules of reinforcement. which often occurs between different settings. the difference between behavior contract and matching law is the behavior contract involves 2 separate schedules of reinforcement across 2 separate environments.

What is an example of Behavior Contrast

the learner grabs chips from the jar in the presence and absence of the mother at the same rate. one day the mother screams at the learner taking chips. the next day, the learner will eat less/no chips in the presence of the mother, but will increase chips eaten in the absence of the mother

What does the acronym BIP stand for

Behavior Intervention Plan

What is behavior intervention plan (BIP)

using the observations from a functional assessment, a plan that is function-based and focuses on positive replacement behavior when possible.

What is behavior reduction? give an example

strategies that are used to decrease the possibility of the target behavior occurring.
the RBT blocks learner's hand to prevent them from hitting another child.

What does the acronym BST stand for?

Behavioral Skills Training

What is behavioral skills training (BST)

a training package model that includes instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback.

What is behavioral momentum

one effect of the high-probability request-sequence; client responding is repeated at a quick and consistent rate.

What is chaining and how can it be used.

A tool for teaching larger, complex skills; teaching one step in the sequence at a time.
the RBT uses backward chaining to teach a learner handwashing.

Define Consequence and give an example

occurs immediately after the behavior and affects future behaviors.
mother holds the iPad and tells child "iPad time is all done"

What does the acronym CRF stand for

Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement

What is Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement (CRF)

during CRF, reinforcement is provided every time a behavior is emitted
every time your phone goes off, you pick it up

Define Data

factual information such as measurements used as a basis for making clinical decisions
data shows that during the past 30 minutes, Rachid asked 5 times for help and screamed for it 2 time

Define data collection

a method of gather information.
the RBT writes down on a data collection sheet how many times a child shared a toy during 15 minutes of playing.

What does the acronym DTT stand for

Discrete Trail Teaching

What is Discrete Child Teacher (DTT)

A method of teaching where there is a clear beginning and end to each presentation
- 3 parts include the presentation, response, and consequence
- RBT "touch red"
Learner touches red
RBT "nice you touched red"
RBT blows bubbles for the learner

Define ABC-Data with an example

A description of a behavior in terms of Antecedent (A) to the Behavior (B), and the Consequence (C).
tara and her caregiver were playing outside when the caregiver told Tara it was time to go inside for dinner. tara threw herself on the ground and started screaming outside. Tara's caregiver provided 2 more minutes and had tara start a timer.
A - caregiver saying time to go outside for dinner
B - throwing self on ground and screaming (tantrum)
C - caregiver providing 2 minutes

What is acquisition task? give example

a current target being taught.
The RBT teaches Abby how to write the letter 'A' in her name. (target is letter A)

Define Antecedent with an example

An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior interest.
Mother takes the iPad from Henry

Define Applied Behavioral Analysis

ABA is the application of the science of learning to socially significant human behavior. It is a data-driven evidence-based science of behavior.

What is differential reinforcement

reinforcement is provided contingent on the target behavior; reinforcement is not provided under those conditions if the target behavior does not occur.

What are the different forms of differential reinforcement

- differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
- differential reinforcement of diminishing rates
- differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior
- differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
- differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior
- differential reinforcement of other behaviors

What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior

Providing reinforcement for a predetermined alternative behavior while withholding reinforcement for the unwanted response (hitting to get attention = no attention [unwanted behavior] tapping for attention = attention/reward [predetermined alternative behavior])

What is Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates (DRD)

Providing reinforcement dependent upon the number of of responses meeting or being below a predetermined limit during a specified timeframe. (Timeframe of 10 minutes with set number of 10 spits or less)

What is Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Behavior (DRH)

Providing reinforcement dependent upon the responses meeting or being above a predetermined limit in a specified timeframe (use AAC device 5 or more times during our 60 minutes session)

What is Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

A type of DRA; the alternative behaviors use one that is incompatible with the unwanted behavior. They cannot occur at the same time. (Whispering instead of screaming for help)

What is Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior (DRL)

Providing reinforcement dependent on the response occurring after a specified timeframe with no occurrences.

What is Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

Providing reinforcement dependent on the response occurring after a specified timeframe with no occurrences.

What is Differential Reinforcement of Paced Responding (DRP)

Providing reinforcement for behavior occurring within a minimum and maximum time limit.

What does the acronym DI stand for

Direct Instruction

What is the definition of Direct Instruction (DI)

Evidence-based teaching approach using lessons created around small learning increments and clear instruction

What does the acronym Sd stand for

Direct Stimulus

What is the definition for Direct Stimulus

An instruction that evokes a response

What is echoic

Repeating a modeled heard utterance, sound, or word. This is an essential skill in learning verbal operant behavior

What is echolalia

Consistent repetition of focalization's made by another individual. This may be immediate or delayed.

What is an example of echolalia

The RBT "what's your first name?"
the Learner "what's your first name."

What is the definition of Error Correction

A procedure used when a learner engages in an incorrect response

What is an example of implementing error correction

RBT: holds a picture up of the color blue and asks "what color is this"
Learner: "red"
RBT: "what color is this? blue"
Learner: "blue"
RBT: "High Five"
Learner: gives high five
RBT: holds up the picture of the color blue again and asks "what color is this"
Learner: "blue"
RBT: "blue, super!"

What is Errorless Learning

A teaching strategy that guarantees that the learner will respond correctly

What is an example of implementing errorless learning

RBT: "What is this? tree"
Learner: "Tree"

What is the acronym EBP stand for

Evidence Based Practice

What is Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

A decision-making model in which the best available evidence is incorporated in order to provide service to learners

What is expressive communication

Part of language acquisition that indicates how much a learner can express. It is the verbal behavior used with others.

What is an example of expressive communication

RBT: "how are you?"
Learner: "I am 7 years old."

What is the definition of extinction

The process of withholding reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior to decrease the probability of the behavior occurring in the future.

What is important to know about extinction

It is essential to know the function of the behavior for extinction to be effective.

What is an example of extinction in work

The RBT does not provide access to an item or attention when the learner tantrums

What is Extinction Burst

This almost always occurs during an extinction process the behavior will "get worse, before it gets better". The behavior will temporarily increase in intensity and/or frequency and variability. If the behaviors is deemed to be dangerous to the learner, others or property then an extinction process should not be used.

Define Fine Motor Skills

Focuses on the coordination and movement of the small muscles of the hands.

What is an example of using fine motor skills

the learner uses a string to thread beads

What is the definition of fixed internal

an interval schedule is when a response is reinforced after a certain amount of time since the last reinforcement. A fixed interval is when reinforcement is provided after a constant amount of time. Characteristics are moderate response rate with significant.

What is an example of fixed interval being implemented

Access to stickers is provided every 5 minutes when the learner is sitting down in class (FI5)

What is the definition of Fixed Ratio

this means that reinforcement that is delivered after a fixed number of correct responses. Characteristics are results in high, steady responding until reinforcement is delivered; good to use when teaching new behavior; leads to a brief response pause after reinforcement, but responding time quickly resumes.

What is an example of fixed ratio

Access to bubbles is provided after 8 correct responses (FR8). Another example can be a factory worker who gets paid for every 10 items manufactured

Definition of Functional Analysis (FA)

A standard for assessment in ABA to determine the cause of the target behavior. Environmental conditions are manipulated to evoke challenging behavior. Four conditions are used: 3 test conditions (social positive, social negative, alone) and a control condition, play. Test conditions are presented one at a time and in alternating sequence so the assessor can identify which conditions predictable result in problem behaviors (like tantrums). This can lead to determine the function of the behaviors (social positive, social negative, and sensory)

What is Functional Analysis Screening Tool (FAST)

A questionnaire designed to identify what influences that target behavior (e.g aggressive behaviors)

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

An assessment to determine the function of a target behavior (or behaviors)

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

A method of teaching expressive communication to get needs met

What is the definition of generlization

A new behavior or skill that occurs in the presence of a novel person, place, or stimulus not previously associated with teaching.

The ability of a learner to perform a skill under different conditions across settings, people, and materials.

What is an example of generalization

The learner demonstrates the same skill with the RBT at the dining table as with the mother in the backyard.

What is the definition of goal

the proposed outcome of an intervention

What is the definition of graduated guidance

a system of gradually and systematically reducing physical prompts

what is the definition of gross motor skills

focuses on the coordination and movement of the larger muscle groups

what is an example of gross motor skills

the learner runs, jumps, and throws the ball in the basketball net.

what is high probability request sequence

an antecedent intervention; High-probability tasks are presented before the low-probability task

What is the Individuals With Disabilities Act (IDEA)

This law guarantees a free and appropriate public education (FARE) and related services for children with special needs to prepare them for independent living and employment across their lifespan

What is incidental teaching

teaching that follows the learners lead in a naturally occurring way. it is used to program for generalization and maintenance and promote enhanced speech.

when a teacher follows the learners lead naturally in order to encourage a specific response

What is Individualized Education Program (IEP)

this is a legally required document for each learner (up to age 21) that receives special education and related services due to a disability as stated n the individuals with disabilities act (IDEA). The IEP is a collaboration effort of the child study team which includes teachers, school admins, related services personnel, parents, advocates, and the learners themselves when appropriate. The IEP outlines the specific educational goals and objectives for the learner and describes the services that will be provided to achieve those goals.

what is Individualized Family Service Plan

this is a document that serves learners age 0-3yrs who requires early intervention services. Similar to IEP, and also guaranteed through IDEA, the IFSP identifies and describes the services necessary for the individual learner to achieve developmental objectives. Family members and service providers, together, determine how best to plan, implement, and assess services and progress.

What is Intensive Behavioral Intervention

Based on the principles of ABA, involving higher intensity of one-to-one treatment involving 20-40 hours a week of therapy

* Not all ABA is IBI but all IBI is ABA

What is intermittent reinforcement

reinforcing a specific behavior some of the time, but not each time the behavior occurs. this can lead to strengthening a behavior and leads to extinction resistance. everyone involved with the learner should be on the same schedule of reinforcement to either increase skill acquisition or decrease problem behavior

what is intraverbal

the basis of social verbal exchange/conversation. the learner's verbal response is controlled by the verbal responses of others. fill in are an example of simple intraverbal

What is Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

This is an educational term that refers to the most typical environment in which a learner can make academic and social progress. the environment(s) where the learner spends his time is determined in the IEP during the ARD process. the restrictive environment is the ultimate goal of every educational program

this is a phrase used in education to describe the most common setting in which a student can achieve academic and social growth

what is maladaptive behavior

a behavior that inhibits an individual from making adjustments to changes in their environment or situation

what is an example of maladaptive behvaior

when it was time for a learner to transition from one activity to another, the learner yelled and stomped his feet to protest

what is the definition of mand

verbal behavior term that means "request". One of the first verbal skills that is taught, if a learner can request an items, person, and/or need the request can replace challenging, problem behavior

What is a Manifestation Determination Hearing

Within 10 school days of a decision to change the placement of a learner eligible for special education because of a violation of code of student conduct, the school district, parent, and relevant members of the students IEP team (as determined by the parent and the school district) must review all relevant information to determine if the conduct in question was caused by, or had a direct, substantial relationship to, the student's disability; or if the conduct in question was the direct result the behavior was due to the learner disability, then the learner may not be held accountable.

What is matching law

when the reinforcer isn't enough for the demand to be completed; reinforcer needs to be bigger/higher

organisms divide their behavior between 2 or more concurrent schedules of behavior. thus, fi a behaviors is reinforced most of the time in 1 situation and sometimes in another situation, the behaviors will occur frequently in the first situation

What is an example of matching law

when student wants attention from the teacher and receives more attention from the teacher when talking through the class versus raising one's hand, the student will continue to talk through the class more.

What is momentary time sampling (MTS)

a sample of the defined behavior in the exact moment of you taking data

what is an example of momentary time sampling (MTS)

The RBT would provide set time amount (ex 2 minutes). When the 2 minutes end the RBT looks up. The learner is spitting. The RBT marks down learner spit.

What is Natural Environment Teaching

This is basically the opposite of DTT. The learner's current activities and interests determine the teaching strategies. it differs from incidental teaching in that incidental teaching is a type of discrete trail methodology that is taught within generalized settings. NEW follows the child's lead and learning can occur anywhere and everywhere.

What is Negative Punishment

Removing a desired stimulus upon a behavior that will decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future.

what is an example of negative punishment

the mother takes away the game console because her two children hit each other

what is negative reinforcement

removing an undesired stimulus upon behavior that will increase the likelihood of the behavior occurring int he future.

what is an example of negative reinforcement

the learner cleaned up really well. therefore, the RBT decreases the demand of a task from having to pick up 3 toys instead of 5.

what is pairing

the act of an instructor bonding with a learner to become a reinforcer for that learner. this can take anywhere from 10 minutes to 10 days. pairing is continuous activities; a few minutes of the beginning of every therapy session should be spent pairing with the learner to increase instructional control.

what is partial interval

a method of data collection; recording where a behavior occurs or does not occur during a specific interval; it does not have to occur through the entire interval.

what does the acronym P.E.C.S stand for?

Picture Exchange Communication System developed by Lori Frost and Andy Bondy. This is a simple, popular form of augmentative communication.