A&P I - Practical Two

keratinocytes

produce keratin

melanocytes

produce the pigment melanin

epidermal dendric / Langerhans cells

phagocytic immune response

tactile/Merkle cells

associated with sensory nerve endings, touch receptors

jaundice

yellow tint due to high levels of bilirubincy

cyanosis

blue/grey hue due to deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood

erythema

abnormal redness, infection and inflammation

pallor

pale/ashen, white of dermis showing through and little blood flow

albinism

milky white due to genetic lack of melanin

hematoma

clotted blood, accident, trauma, hemophiliaa

axial skeleton

vertical axis of the body

appendicular skeleton

appendages (pec girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

scoliosis

curved verterbral column

hyperkyphosis

“hunchback”

hyperlordosis

“swayback” - common in pregnant women. arched back

how many cervical vertebrae?

7ho

how many thoracic vertebrae?

12

how many lumbar vertebrae?

5

how many sacral bones?

5 - fused together

how many coccyx bones?

usually 4 (could be 5) fused together

how many pairs of ribs?

12ho

true ribs?

1-7

false ribs?

8-12

floating ribs?

11 and 12w

what does it mean to be a true rib?

directly attaching to the sternum through costal cartilage

what does it mean to be a false rib?

attaching indirectly to sternum by joining the cartilage of the rib above (forms costal arch)

what does it mean to be a floating rib?

does not attach to anything

hyoid bone

site of attachment for tongue, anterior neck muscles and ligaments. not attached to any other bone in body.