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The nurse is reviewing the function of DNA and RNA with a group of students. Which structure should the nurse explain as providing the genetic code for a gene?
b. Protein
A patient with lung cancer is receiving chemotherapy. Why should the nurse closely monitor the patient's white blood cell (WBC) count?
d. Chemotherapy drugs depress the bone marrow, which can lead to infection and an increase in WBC count.
A patient asks what dietary changes can be made to help protect against cancer. The nurse should base his or her response to the patient's question on which of the following?
a. Reduced dietary fat intake can lower cancer risk.
A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor of the bone. Which term should the nurse consider when documenting this patient's health problem?
a. Sarcoma
A patient who has been treated for breast cancer is undergoing routine laboratory work. Which laboratory finding would cause the nurse to be most concerned about metastasis?
a. Elevated serum calcium
A patient is scheduled for a needle biopsy of the breast. Which statement indicates that teaching has been effective?
b. "The doctor will use a needle to go into the tumor for a sample of cells."
A patient is scheduled for radiation treatments before having surgery to remove a tumor. What should the nurse cite as the reason for the radiation treatments?
b. Reduces the size of the tumor before surgery
A patient with prostate cancer asks the nurse the meaning of his high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Which response by the nurse is correct?
a. "PSA is a tumor marker that is elevated in patients with prostate cancer."
A patient is diagnosed with a stage I tumor in situ (TIS). Which explanation of TIS by the nurse is the best?
b. "The tumor has not invaded any tissues beyond the original site."
A patient with cancer is scheduled for palliative surgery. Which explanation should the nurse use to describe the purpose of this surgery?
b. Palliative surgery is done to increase the patient's comfort when cure is not possible.
A patient receiving radiation therapy for a tumor in the salivary gland is complaining of a very dry mouth. How should the nurse document this finding?
b. "Patient reports xerostomia."
The nurse is planning care for a patient with a radioactive implant. Which intervention should the nurse select to help prevent social isolation in this patient?
b. Help provide diversional activities that the patient enjoys.
The nurse is assessing a patient and notes drainage on the sheets from the site of a radioactive colloid injection. What should the nurse do first?
d. Follow hospital policy for radioactive waste cleanup.
The nurse is preparing to teach a patient about the effects of chemotherapy on other body tissues. What should the nurse explain as the reason why hair, blood, skin, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells are more likely to be adversely affected by chemotherapy than other cells?
a. Because they are fast growing
A patient receiving doxorubicin (Adriamycin) voids urine that is bright red. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
d. Check the patient's urine, and tell the patient that this is a common side effect of Adriamycin.
The intravenous line of a patient receiving a vesicant chemotherapy agent has disconnected and is lying on the floor. The medication is dripping all over the floor. Which action should the nurse take first?
d. Use gloves and a protective gown to clean the spill according to agency policy.
A patient develops alopecia related to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) therapy. Which statement should the nurse use to explain this side effect?
d. Anti-neoplastics, such as Adriamycin, attack all rapidly dividing cells.
When inspecting the IV site of a patient receiving a vesicant chemotherapy agent, the licensed practical nurse (LPN) notes a small area of swelling. What should the LPN do first?
c. Discontinue the infusion and notify the RN.
The nurse is caring for a patient with leukopenia. Which item creates the greatest risk for this patient?
a. A fresh apple brought in by a friend
A patient on chemotherapy after surgery develops thrombocytopenia. Which manifestation should the nurse report immediately to the physician?
b. Tarry stools
Based on the diagnosis "Imbalanced Nutrition related to nausea and vomiting," the goal of maintaining a stable weight during chemotherapy was identified for a patient receiving care. Which statement provides the best evidence that the goal has been met?
a. Patient's weight is unchanged during treatment.
The nurse educator is preparing a seminar on cancer for a group of nursing students. Which definition should the nurse educator use to accurately describe cancer?
d. Cancer is a name for a large group of diseases characterized by cells that multiply rapidly and invade normal tissue.
The nurse is planning care for a patient with leukopenia caused by chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this patient's plan of care?
c. Ensure that staff members practice good hand washing.
A patient undergoing chemotherapy telephones the clinic to complain of a nosebleed 2 days after a treatment. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse consider while further assessing the patient?
a. Ineffective Protection related to thrombocytopenia
A patient develops fatigue related to radiation therapy. Which intervention is the most appropriate for this patient?
d. Encourage the patient to prioritize activities around frequent rest periods.
The nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which assessment finding suggests that the patient is experiencing pericardial effusion?
b. Edema and shortness of breath
A patient being treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer also is being given epoetin alfa for anemia. During the assessment, of what finding should the nurse be most observant?
d. Elevated blood pressure
The nurse is checking the laboratory reports of a patient being treated with paclitaxel. Which platelet count might indicate spontaneous bleeding?
a. 15,000/mm3
A nurse is teaching a patient about risk factors for cancer. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
d. "I know that eating pickled and smoked foods can help prevent GI cancers."
The nurse is assessing a 58-year-old patient. For what yearly screening test for colorectal cancer should the nurse assess the patient?
c. Stool test for blood
A nurse is conducting a community education class on cancer risk. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when women recognize that they are most at risk of dying of which type of cancer?
a. Lung cancer
The nurse is reviewing a patient's diagnostic test report. For which tumor diameter should the nurse evaluate the report to determine if cancer is present?
b. 1 cm
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and becomes concerned about one patient being treated for cancer. Which patient does the nurse suspect is in need of nutritional support?
a. An 18-year-old with an albumin of 2.5
The nurse is preparing an oral chemotherapeutic medication for a patient's cancer treatment. What should the nurse do to ensure personal safety when preparing this medication?
a. Wear gloves while preparing.
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