Prokaryotes- Quiz 6

prokaryote

prokaryote

Type of cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Typically small and simple in structure. Examples include bacteria and archaea.

archae

a group of microorganisms considered to be an ancient form of life that evolved separately from the bacteria and algae, show microbes have been around 3.8 billion years

bacteria

a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.

membrane

do NOT have cell organelles, rely on enzymes in _______ for chemical reactions (respiration and photosynthesis)

circular

single ______ chromosome of DNA found in nucleoid region of cell

cytoplasm

DNA is free floating in _______

ribosomes

site where proteins are made in the cell

round

coccus

rod

bacillus

spiral

spirillium

molecular taxonomy

modern approaches to classification:

analysis of amino acids for protein sequences

molecular taxonomy

establish % of G guanine and C cytosine

peptidoglycan

bacteria have a cell wall made of this:

(protein and sugars)

grampositive

appears purple, means cross-links are close together

gramnegative

appears pink, means cross-links are spread apart

capsules

bacteria have these over their cell wall, slimy to help stick to surfaces and biofilm

biofilm

a bunch of bacteria together, resistant to antibiotics, desiccation, and stressors

flagellum

long tail to help organism move

pili

numerous filaments of protein, exchange genetic material, and attach to eukaryotic host cells

inhospitable

Archaebacteria tend to live in gross, _____ environments.

methanogens

(methane makers), live in places with limited oxygen (swamps, sewages, and animal guts)

fermentation

how methanogens make their energy

halophiles

“salt lovers”, live in salt lakes and thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean

thermophiles

“heat lovers”, like highly acidic soils, live in hot springs and next to thermal vents

heterocyst

where nitrogen fixers live with plant roots