Prokaryotes- Quiz 6

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25 Terms

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prokaryote
Type of cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Typically small and simple in structure. Examples include bacteria and archaea.
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archae
a group of microorganisms considered to be an ancient form of life that evolved separately from the bacteria and algae, **show microbes have been around 3.8 billion years**
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bacteria
a member of a large group of __unicellular__ __microorganisms__ which have cell walls but lack __organelles__ and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
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membrane
do NOT have cell organelles, rely on enzymes in _______ for chemical reactions (respiration and photosynthesis)
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circular
single ______ chromosome of DNA found in nucleoid region of cell
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cytoplasm
DNA is free floating in _______
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ribosomes
site where proteins are made in the cell
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round
coccus
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rod
bacillus
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spiral
spirillium
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molecular taxonomy
modern approaches to classification:

analysis of amino acids for protein sequences
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molecular taxonomy
establish % of G guanine and C cytosine
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peptidoglycan
bacteria have a cell wall made of this:

(protein and sugars)
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grampositive
appears purple, means cross-links are close together
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gramnegative
appears pink, means cross-links are spread apart
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capsules
bacteria have these over their cell wall, slimy to help stick to surfaces and **biofilm**
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biofilm
a bunch of bacteria together, resistant to antibiotics, desiccation, and stressors
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flagellum
long tail to help organism move
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pili
numerous filaments of protein, exchange genetic material, and attach to eukaryotic host cells
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inhospitable
Archaebacteria tend to live in gross, _____ environments.
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methanogens
(methane makers), live in places with limited oxygen (swamps, sewages, and animal guts)
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fermentation
how methanogens make their energy
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halophiles
“salt lovers”, live in salt lakes and thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean
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thermophiles
“heat lovers”, like highly acidic soils, live in hot springs and next to thermal vents
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heterocyst
where nitrogen fixers live with plant roots