ISU - Organic Chem Families and Characteristics

Functional group of __**amines**__

R-NH2

Functional group of __**amides**__

O=C-N-R-R

Functional group of __**aldehydes**__

R-C=O

Functional group of __**ketones**__

C-C=O-C

Functional group of __**carboxylic acids**__

R-C=O-OH

Functional group of __**Esters**__

R-C=O-O-R

Functional group of __**alcohols**__

O-H

Functional group of __**ethers**__

R-O-R

Functional group of __**thiols**__

R-S-R

What is the suffix for __**amines**__?

amine

What is the suffix for __**amides**__?

amide

What is the suffix for __**aldehudes**__?

al

What is the suffix for __**ketones**__?

one

What is the suffix for __**carboxylic acids**__?

oic acid

What is the suffix for __**esters**__?

yl, oate

What is the suffix for __**alcohols**__?

ol

diol

triol

What is the suffix for __**ethers**__?

ether

longer sub oxy

What is the suffix for __**thiols**__?

thiol

How do you simply name __**amines**__?

substituents + root-amine

How do you simply name __**amides**__?

substituents + acid root-amide

How do you simply name __**aldehydes**__?

subs - parent - locate C=O

How do you simply name __**ketones**__?

subs - parent - locate C=O

How do you simply name __**carboxylic acids**__?

location of functional takes precedence in numbering over other bonds

number where functional is located

subs - parent/bonds in chain - oic acid

How do you simply name __**esters**__?

find alcohol

alcohol - yl - carboxylic acid - oate

How do you simply name __**alcohols**__?

subs- parent-locate and number of functional - suffix

How do you simply name __**ethers**__?

subs, parent, root ether orshorter sub oxy, then ether

How do you simply name __**thiols**__?

subs- parent-thiol

How do intermolecular forces affect __**amines**__ polarity, solubility?

* Primary amines are more polar than others
* Hydrogen bonding creates the polarity
* As solubility decreases, chain length increases

How do intermolecular forces affect __**amides**__ polarity?

* Primary and secondary amides are more polar than tertiary
* Hydrogen bonding creates the polarity
* Tertiary cannot create H bonds

How do intermolecular forces affect __**aldehydes**__ polarity?

* H bonding increases boiling point
* Slightly less polar than ketones

How do intermolecular forces affect __**ketones**__ polarity?

* H bonding increases boiling point
* Slightly more polar than aldehydes

How do intermolecular forces affect __**carboxylic acid**__ polarity?

* Polar due to O atom
* Soluable

How do intermolecular forces affect __**esters**__ polarity?

* Polar
* Lower bp that carboxylic acids2

How do intermolecular forces affect __**alcohols**__ polarity?

* Polar
* Soluable
* high bp
* e- OH

How do intermolecular forces affect __**ethers**__ polarity?

* weak polarity due to C-O

How do intermolecular forces affect __**thiols**__ polarity?

* less polar than alcohols