ISU - Organic Chem Families and Characteristics

Functional group of amines

Functional group of amines

R-NH2

Functional group of amides

O=C-N-R-R

Functional group of aldehydes

R-C=O

Functional group of ketones

C-C=O-C

Functional group of carboxylic acids

R-C=O-OH

Functional group of Esters

R-C=O-O-R

Functional group of alcohols

O-H

Functional group of ethers

R-O-R

Functional group of thiols

R-S-R

What is the suffix for amines?

amine

What is the suffix for amides?

amide

What is the suffix for aldehudes?

al

What is the suffix for ketones?

one

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

oic acid

What is the suffix for esters?

yl, oate

What is the suffix for alcohols?

ol

diol

triol

What is the suffix for ethers?

ether

longer sub oxy

What is the suffix for thiols?

thiol

How do you simply name amines?

substituents + root-amine

How do you simply name amides?

substituents + acid root-amide

How do you simply name aldehydes?

subs - parent - locate C=O

How do you simply name ketones?

subs - parent - locate C=O

How do you simply name carboxylic acids?

location of functional takes precedence in numbering over other bonds

number where functional is located

subs - parent/bonds in chain - oic acid

How do you simply name esters?

find alcohol

alcohol - yl - carboxylic acid - oate

How do you simply name alcohols?

subs- parent-locate and number of functional - suffix

How do you simply name ethers?

subs, parent, root ether orshorter sub oxy, then ether

How do you simply name thiols?

subs- parent-thiol

How do intermolecular forces affect amines polarity, solubility?

• Primary amines are more polar than others

• Hydrogen bonding creates the polarity

• As solubility decreases, chain length increases

How do intermolecular forces affect amides polarity?

• Primary and secondary amides are more polar than tertiary

• Hydrogen bonding creates the polarity

• Tertiary cannot create H bonds

How do intermolecular forces affect aldehydes polarity?

• H bonding increases boiling point

• Slightly less polar than ketones

How do intermolecular forces affect ketones polarity?

• H bonding increases boiling point

• Slightly more polar than aldehydes

How do intermolecular forces affect carboxylic acid polarity?

• Polar due to O atom

• Soluable

How do intermolecular forces affect esters polarity?

• Polar

• Lower bp that carboxylic acids2

How do intermolecular forces affect alcohols polarity?

• Polar

• Soluable

• high bp

• e- OH

How do intermolecular forces affect ethers polarity?

• weak polarity due to C-O

How do intermolecular forces affect thiols polarity?

• less polar than alcohols