Unit 4 - Vision

Iris

________- a ring of muscle tissue that gives the eye its color and controls the size of the pupil opening.

Fovea

________- the center of the retina, where the image we see is cast and most cones are located.

Lens

________- located behind the pupil, it changes shape (accommodation) to help focus near and far objects on the retina.

Transduction

________ occurs when any stimulus energy (light waves, soundwaves, etc .)

Optic Nerve

________- carries neural impulses from the retina (eye) tot he brain (visual cortex) via the axons of ganglion cells and thalamus.

Rods

________ and cones transfer light energy into neural signals which are sent to the visual cortex and reassembled into images.

Wavelength

________ determines the color or hue we see.

Amplitude

________ (intensity) determines the brightness of the colors we see.

Retina

________- inner surface of the eye containing rods and cones and layer of neurons that begin the processing of sending images to the brain.

process of accommodation

The lens focuses the near and far objects onto the retina through the ________.

Blind Spot

________- where the optic nerve (ganglion axons) leave the retina creating a spot because no receptor cells are located there.

intensity of light

It dilates in response to the ________.

Pupil

________- the adjustable opening through which light enters.

photochemical reaction

Light entering the eye triggers ________ in rods and cones at back of retina.

Retina

inner surface of the eye containing rods and cones and layer of neurons that begin the processing of sending images to the brain

Cornea

outer covering

Pupil

the adjustable opening through which light enters

Iris

a ring of muscle tissue that gives the eye its color and controls the size of the pupil opening

Lens

located behind the pupil, it changes shape (accommodation) to help focus near and far objects on the retina

Blind Spot

where the optic nerve (ganglion axons) leave the retina creating a spot because no receptor cells are located there

Fovea

the center of the retina, where the image we see is cast and most cones are located

Optic Nerve

carries neural impulses from the retina (eye) tot he brain (visual cortex) via the axons of ganglion cells and thalamus

feature detectors

nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific stimuli (shape, angle, edges, lines, movement) and process the information onto other cortical areas where supercell clusters respond to more complex patterns (human faces); located in the visual cortex

parallel processing

allows our brain to process multiple subdivisions of a stimuli at once by dividing them and sending them to supercell clusters for perception

Young-Helmholtz (trichromatic) theory

when we stimulate combinations of the red, green, and blue cones we are able to see other colors

opponent-process theory

in the retina and thalamus, some neurons are turned off by a color but turned on by another; this theory explains after-images