Food Security and Sustainability 1

Everything I am 99% sure is on the exam

All food insecure people are hungry

FALSE

Extreme poverty is defines as surviving on less than ___ per day

$2.15

World first domesticated crops

Wheat and barley

4 pillars of food security

Availability, Access, Utilization, Stability

Where is there ongoing war/conflict causing food insecurity

Yemen and Sudan

Is the drying of lack chad a problem for food security

Yes!

What dimension of the GHI has the lowest weight

Child wasting

Facts of the potato famine

caused by potato blight, lasted from 1845-1852, one million starved

What is a key development from the green revolution

High yield hybrid wheat variety

Types of agroforestry

Alley cropping

Forest farming

Silvopasture

Windbreak

Riperian Buffer

What are the benfits of soil organic matter

improved crop yield

increase carbon in soil

more water hold in soil

nutrient holding capacity

What are the benefits of reduced tillage

less soil degradation or erosion

makes sure soil can plant in the future

Biofortification

Adding nutrients to common crops to increase nutritional value

Most of the productive agricultural soils have between ____ % of organic matter.

3-6%

Soil organic matter has _____ % of carbon.

58%

Neolithic Revolution started ____ years ago.

10,000 - 12,000 years

Wheat, Rice, Corn together provide _____ % of total calories to humans worldwide.

60%

Currently, the amount of annual food wasted is _____ tons

1.3 billion tons

on the average, agriculture accounts for ___% of global freshwater withdrawals

70%

Key factos behind the sucess of the green revolution were

synthetic fertilizer

hybrid wheat variety

modern irrigation and farm equipment

What is CAFO

confined animal feeding operations

Human macronutrients

Carbs

Protein

Oils

Human Micronutrients

Vitamins

• fat-soluble (A, D, E, K)

• water soluble (B,C)

Minerals

• macro (P,K,N)

• Mico (copper, iron)

Plant Macronutrients

Primary

• (P) Phosphorus

• (N) Nitrogen

• (K) Potassium

Secondary

• (S) Sulfur

• (C) Calcium

  • (Mg) Magnesium

Plant Miconutirents

(B) Boron

(Fe) Iron

(Z) Zinc

(Cu) Copper

(Mo) Molybdenum

(Ni) Nickle

(Mn) Manganease

(Cl) Chlorine

Plant non-fetilizer elements

(C) Carbon

(O) Oxygen

(H) Hydrogen

3 unsustainable agriculture practices

1. monocropping

2. pesticide use

3. water overuse

How does unsustainable agriculture lead to food insecurity

reducing yeild

lack of nutrients

soil degration

runoff/eutrophication

the core principles of regenerative agriculture

1. low tillage

2. soil cover

3. livestock incorporation

4. polyculutre

5. roots living year-round

Organic farming

Farming without chemicals and pesticides

Strategies to solve hunger

training refuguess to generate income

promote gender equality

improve sanitation

the region that kick started the neolithic revolution

fertile creasent

why did people give up hunting and gathering for farming

ability to have stable food supply

population growth (more calories per land area)

climate change

Malthusian theory

We will run out of food because exponential population growth cannot work with limited food supply

the irish potato famine was caused by

potato blight

the three number codes on the fertilizer bags mean

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)

seasonal food insecurity

A predictable, cyclical lack of food access tied to agricultural cycles, employment shifts, and weather

low food security

reduced quality of food variety or desirability of diet. little of no indication of reduced food intake

malnutrition

deficencies, excess or an imbalance in the consumptoion of maco/mico nutrients

food dessert

an area with limited access to affordable, nutritious food - few super markets, many fast food stores leading to poor diet

How does water supply effect food security

food production

time in securing water

bad quality of water affecting health

nutrition support during pregnancy and up to the age of _____ can help protect children for their whole lives

5

____ of all food produced is not eaten

1/3

the primary reason for food insecurity in Malawi

climate change creating floods and droughts