Chapter 6: Intellectual Developmental Disorder and Learning Disorders - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, disorders, etiologies, assessments, and interventions related to intellectual developmental disorder and learning disorders as presented in the notes.

Fluid intelligence

The ability to reason and solve problems in new situations, independent of previously learned knowledge.

Crystallized intelligence

The skills and knowledge acquired through education and experience.

Adaptive intelligence

A view of intelligence emphasizing the application of cognitive abilities to adapt to and solve real-world problems.

CHC model of intelligence

Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory; a framework of broad and narrow cognitive abilities used to guide test development and interpretation.

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning that emerge early in development, with severity from mild to profound.

Adaptive functioning

How well an individual negotiates conceptual, social, and practical tasks in daily life.

AAIDD

American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities; emphasizes adaptive functioning and support needs in IDD.

Quality of Life (QOL)

A measure of independence, social participation, and well-being for individuals with IDD.

Zigler’s developmental approach

Two groups of IDD (familial mild and severe pathological); many children with IDD show development similar to peers.

Genotypes and neurobehavioral phenotypes

Classification by genetic etiology and the associated pattern of cognitive/behavioral difficulties.

Down syndrome

Caused by trisomy 21; extra chromosome 21 leading to characteristic physical and cognitive features.

Williams syndrome

Microdeletion on chromosome 7 with deficits in general cognition and visuospatial skills; strengths in language/music; socially outgoing but anxious.

Fragile X syndrome

Mutation on the FMR1 gene; most common inherited IDD, with more severe effects in boys; language impairment and behavioral/mental health concerns.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Prenatal exposure to alcohol resulting in a range of impairments; subtypes include FAS, PFAS, ARND, ARBD; prevalence often over 1% in many countries.

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

DSM-5-TR diagnosis of persistent difficulties in reading, writing, or mathematics; often comorbid and common in special education.

RTI (Response to Intervention)

A multi-tier approach to identifying and supporting students with learning difficulties.

IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

U.S. law guaranteeing educational services from birth to age 21 for students with disabilities, often via IEPs.

Vineland Social Maturity Scale

An adaptive functioning assessment measuring daily-life skills across domains, often completed by someone familiar with the child.

AAIDD Adaptive Behavior scale

An adaptive functioning instrument assessing communication, self-care, social, leisure, and work skills.

IQ score

Standardized measure of intelligence; a score of 70 or below (two standard deviations below the mean) suggests significant impairment.

Discrepancy model for SLD assessment

An assessment approach using a gap between aptitude and achievement to identify SLD.

Uneven patterns of strengths and weaknesses (SLD)

An assessment approach that identifies SLD through uneven cognitive-achievement profiles rather than a strict cutoff.

Sleep and language development in IDD syndromes

Disrupted sleep can negatively affect language acquisition, notably in Down, Williams, and Fragile X syndromes.