Polity Basics

Flashcards covering the key concepts and terminology related to the basics of polity and constitutional principles.

Constitution

The supreme law of the land that serves as the source of power and also limits power.

Supreme Law of the Land

All other laws derive authority from the Constitution.

Ideals of the Constitution

Goals such as Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity that guide the objectives of the state.

Ordinances

Temporary laws made by the President or Governor.

Judicial Decisions

Laws created through the decisions of the Supreme Court and High Courts.

Common Law

Law evolved from judicial precedents.

Constitutionalism

The idea that government power must be limited.

Rule of Law

Every individual and government must act according to the law.

Substantive Equality

Equality that focuses on outcomes and impact rather than merely processes.

Political Theories

Ideas that underpin the concepts of Liberty, Equality, Rights, and State functions.

Emergency Provisions

Clauses that allow for special measures during times of national crisis.

Federal Government

A system of governance where power is divided between union and state governments.

Unitary Government

A system of governance where central authority holds supreme power over all local units.

Separation of Powers

The division of government responsibilities into different branches to prevent tyranny.

Basic Structure Doctrine

A judicial principle stating that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered or destroyed.

Independent Judiciary

A judiciary that functions without influence from other branches of government.

Parliamentary Supremacy

The principle that Parliament has the supreme legal authority.

Fundamental Rights

Rights that are guaranteed under Part III of the Constitution, justiciable in nature.

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)

Guidelines for the framing of laws by the government, aimed at social justice.