EOC Study Guide – Human Body Systems

Flashcards about the human body's Immune system, Brain, Cardiovascular system, and Reproductive System

What is the 1st Line of Defense in the immune system?

Physical and chemical barriers to defend against pathogens from entering the body.

What are examples of the 2nd Line of Defense in the immune system?

Fever, interferons, and macrophages.

What cells are involved in the 3rd Line of Defense (Specific/Targeted Response)?

B cells, plasma cells, memory B cells, Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, memory T Cells.

What is an allergic response?

An exaggerated inflammatory response triggered by harmless antigens like pollen.

What are antigens?

Proteins on the surface of pathogens that trigger an immune response.

What are antibodies?

Proteins found on the surface of B and T cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens.

What are Plasma B cells?

B cells that produce and release large amounts of antibodies into the bloodstream.

What are Memory B Cells?

B cells that remain in the body long-term and can launch a rapid secondary response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

What is the role of Helper T Cells?

They do not latch on to the pathogen directly, and send chemical signals to summon Cytotoxic (Killer) T cells to destroy the macrophage or infected cell.

What is active immunity?

A type of immunity acquired through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination, where the body produces its own antibodies.

What is passive immunity?

A type of immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from another source, such as from mother to fetus or through an injection.

How do vaccines work?

Stimulating the human body to make antibodies against a specific pathogen without causing illness.

What does CDC stand for?

Center for Disease Control

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.

What are the three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?

Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

What factors increase resistance to blood flow?

High blood pressure, high blood volume, narrowed blood vessels, and increased blood viscosity.

What are the main structures of the female reproductive system?

Ovary, Oviduct/Fallopian tube, Uterus, Cervix, Vagina, Endometrium, Uterine cavity, Amniotic sac

What is a zygote?

Egg fertilized by a sperm cell.

What is a Morula?

The zygote develops into a solid ball of cells .

What is the stage when the morula forms a cavity filled with fluid?

Blastocyst.

What are the main structures of the male reproductive system?

Testis, Epididymis, Seminiferous tubules, Vas deferens, Urethra, Scrotum, Seminal vesicle & prostate gland.