United States History Chapter 21: The Thirties

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

tariff enacted under the Hoover administration that pushed foreign industrial and agricultural products to their highest level in the nation’s history

Reconstruction Funance Corporation

Hoover administration’s most significant measure

work relief

government jobs given to give workless people work

deficit spending

spending more money than received

Bonus Army

veterans of the AEF who campaigned for an early payment of the 1000 dollar bonus

New Deal

Term used to summarize Roosevelt’s efforts to conquer the Depression

“bank holiday”

temporary closing of all banks nationwide to calm the population

“Brain Trust”

Roosevelt’s unofficial cabinet

Civillian Conservation Corpose

put single 18-25 year old men to work planting trees, building roads, developing parks,etc under the supervision of the army

Public Works Administration

Built schools, courthouses, hospitals, bridges, and other public facilities

Works Progress Administration

employed anyone in almsot any kind of job

Agricultural Adjustment Act

offered benefits to farmers who plowed up cotton and slaughtered pigs

National Industrial Recovery Act

Act that gave guidelines for businesses and a blue eagle emblem to try to increase consumer confidence in business

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

agency devised to insure bank deposits against loss, increased American confidence against loss

Tenessee Valley Authority

agency that dammed the Tennessee river

Social Security Act

instituted old-age pensions and unemployment insurance

Willis Van Devanter

supreme court justice, lawyer, cattle, railroads, nominated by taft, twenty-six years

James Clark McReynolds

supreme court justice, Taft, lawyer, individualism, free enterprise

George Sutherland

supreme court justice, Harding, libertarian, lawyer, practical political experience, “Anthony Amendment”

Charles Evans Hughes

Swing Justice who swung around

Huey Long

Louisiana senator who attacked FDR and proposed that the government redistribute wealth to the poor

Francis Townsend

proposed that the government give 200 dollars to every citizen over 60 provided they held no job and spent everything they receivedC

Charles Coughlin

roman catholic priest who turned weekly radio program of sermons into a national political broadcast

Alfred Landon

Losing Republican candidate for president who ran in 1936

Congress of Industrial Organizations

labor union that broke off of AFL to support unskilled workers

dust bowl

a drought combined with the depression made everything dusty