AP Government Chapter 3 - Federalism

federalism

federalism

Government authority shared by national and local governments.

sovereignty

The ultimate political author in a system.

unitary system

A system of government where sovereignty is fully vested in the national government, not the states.

confederal system

A system of government in which the states are sovereign and the federal government is allowed only what the states permit.

federal system

A system of government in which sovereignty is shared between the state and federal governments.

“necessary and proper” clause

Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to its duties, and that has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically enumerated by the Constitution.

initiative

Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.

referendum

Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature.

recall

Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.

grants-in-aid

Money given by the national government to the states.

categorical grants

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.

conditions of aid

Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.

mandates

Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.

waiver

A decision by an administrative agency granting some other party permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it.

devolution

The transfer of power from the national government to state and local governments.