blood gasses

what disease states can cause metabolic acidosis

renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, and severe diarrhea

what disease states can cause metabolic alkalosis

vomiting, gastric suction, prolonged diuretics, ingestion of antiacids

what disease states can cause respiratory acidosis

hypoventilation, COPD, pneumonia, asthma, and chronic bronchitis

what disease states can cause respiratory alkalosis

congestive heart failure, anxiety attack, hyperventilation, and pulmonary embolism

how to compensate for metabolic acidosis

hyperventilation

how to compensate for metabolic alkalosis

hypoventilation

how to compensate for respiratory acidosis

renal retention of HCO3

how to compensate for respiratory alkalosis

renal excretion of HCO3

how would one describe a metabolic disorder

increase in pH, increase in HCO3

decrease in pH, decrease in HCO3

how would one describe a respiratory disorder

increase in pH, decrease in pCO2

decrease in pH, increase in pCO2

normal range for pH

7.35-7.45

normal range for HCO3

19-30 mmol/L

normal range of pCO2

36-44mmHg

what would hyperventilation do to an abg sample

falsely decrease pCO2

what would a delay in testing do to an abg sample

falsely decrease pO2, falsely increase pCO2 and pH

what would an air bubble do to an abg sample

patient on supportive oxygen: falsely decrease pO2

patient on room air: falsely increase pO2

what would a clotted sample do to an abg sample

create blockages in the analyzer