W2: PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY

• He was sent by king Charles I

• He is Portuguese but he navigated the globe under Spain

• Found PH accidentally on March 1521

Ferdinand Magellan

• After Ferdinand Magellan died, the Spaniards were only able to return to the PH under his expedition

• He named the islands as “Filipinas”

• He exacted the location of the PH

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

• In 1565, he was sent to the PH by Phillip II, new king of Spain and Portugal

• He became the first governor general

• He established the encomienda system

• He founded the city of Manila under Spain in 1571 after taking it from Rajah Sulayman

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

They ruled the PH indirectly as representative of the Spanish king

viceroy of Mexico

• Considered as president in modern time

• Heads the national government

• Chief executive of the whole archipelago, head of state and church

• Commander chief of the military (has the power to pardon prisoners, power of cumplace, decides issues, visitador and residencia)

• President of the royal audiencia

governor general *

• Head in the provincial level alcaldia

• His power is limited in the province but it is the same as the governor general

alcalde mayor

• Head of the town or pueblo

• His power is limited in the town

gobernadorcillo

Head of the barrio government

cabeza del barrio (baranggay)

What are the only positions a Filipino can have in the Spanish colonial period

1. gobernadorcillo

2. cabeza de baranggay

What position can criollo and mestizos have?

gobernadorcillo

What position can the principales have?

cabeza de baranggay

These are people from Spain and Mexico that can be appointed to the alcalde mayor position

peninsulares

This is what we call to the rule of the friars

frailocracy

What do you call the secular priests who are trained for parish work?

diocesan filipino

How did the unity of the Spain and church came to be?

patronato real (royal patronage)

What was the most corrupt institutions that existed during that time?

encomienda system

He gave the order to kill GOMBURZA

Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo

He was a great soldier, but his role as a governor general is wea due to incompetency

Admiral Jose Malcampo

He took bribes from casino operators in manila

Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera

• He is a cruel corrupt official

• He is a tyrant who killed the Calamba tenants

• He is called the butcher by the Cubans

Gen. Valeriano Weyler

He declared Martial law and ordered the execution of many Filipino patriots

Gen. Ramon Blanco

He ordered the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal

Gen. Camilo de Polavieja

What are the policies imposed by the colonizers?

1. polo

2. tribute

3. enconmienda

4. isolation policy

5. divide and rule

6. frailocracy

This is enforced/compulsory manual labor required for every male native between 16 to 10 years working every day without pay

polo

In polo, this refers to the payment exacted by anyone to be exempted from work

falla

This is the tax imposed on every individual or family to pay for the colonial government as a symbol of vassalage to Spain

tribute

This is a system of landholding wherein individuals loyal to spain were granted land as trustees

enconmienda

This was where the natives were banned from engaging in any form of i*tercourse with their Asian neighbors

isolation policy

This was when the colonizers provoked the natives to fight among themselves thus strengthening their hold of power

divide and rule

16th century revolt of the Tagalogs against the Legazpi and Lavezares administrations

lakandula and sulayman revolt

16th century revolt of the datus against the encomenderos

pampanga revolt

16th century revolt in Tondo

conspiracy of the maharlikas

16th century revolt against tribute

the cagayan and dingras

17th century revolt against conversion to christianity

igorot revolt

17th century revolt for religious freedom in leyte

bancao revolt

17th century revolt of warays of northern samar

sumuroy revolt

17th century revolt in pampanga against friar and government abuses

maniago revolt

17th century revolt in pangasinan with maniago

malong revolt

17th century revolt against pirate koxinga

chinese resistance

17th century revolt by tapar, a religious pagan

panay revolt

17th century revolt by chieftains

zambal(es) revolt

18th century revolt of batangas, laguna, and cavite

agrarian revolt

18th century revolt of 88 years in bohol

dagohoy rebellion

18th century revolt in ilocos

diego and gabriella silang revolt

18th century revolt during british invasion

palaris revolt

19th century revolt in manila against peninsulares

novales report

19th century revolt but is a failed plot against spain

palmero conspiracy

19th century revolt in tayabas

hermano pule religious revolt

• This is a european intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries concerning god, reason, nature synthesized into a worldview that gained wide assent that instigated revolutionary developments

• The goals of rational humanity were considered to be knowledge, freedom, and happiness

• Considered as a movement and a state of mind

• Represents an intellectual history of europe

age of enlightenment

• In this, exploration was produced, voyagers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco de Gama, etc. in quest for gold and power

• Scientific revolution, rise of Copernicus, Galileo, etc.

• The renaissance

• Emancipation of slaves in the US by Lincoln

• Mexican independence from Spain

• Opening of the PH to world trade

• Education of natives

• Rise of educated middle class or illustrados

enlightenment in the philippines

This is an informally defined period of european history when overseas exploration became a major part of their culture

age of exploration/age of discovery

• This was a period of major industrialization that took place in the 1700s and early 1800s

• This began in great britain and quickly spread

• Saw mechanization (agriculture and textile) and power (steam ships, railroads)

industrial revolution

Who recommended the philippines to the king of spain open manila to world commerce

royal company of the philippines governor general Felix Barenguer de Marquina

Because of bankruptcy, this catapulted the spanish king to open manila to world trade

royal company of the philippines

• Because this place was a great harbor, it became one of the best cities to trade with, luring american, british to merchant its shores

• Modern production and transportation opened PH for economic development

Manila

In the world trade of the PH, what became the leading export crop from the PH?

sugar