Chapter 12: Jeffersonian Revolution (1800–1820)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Critical Supreme Court decision established the principle of judicial review, stating that the Supreme Court has the right to review all federal laws and decisions and declare whether or not they are constitutional.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Massive land purchase from Emperor Napoleon of France that virtually doubled the size of the United States.

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804)

Expedition that discovered much about the western part of the North American continent and the economic possibilities there.

War of 1812

War between the British and the Americans over the British seizure of American ships, connections between the British and Native American tribes, and other tensions.

American System

Plan proposed by Senator Henry Clay and others to make America economically independent by increasing industrial production in the United States and by the creation of a Second National Bank.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Political solution devised to keep the number of slave states and free states equal; Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state.

1800

Thomas Jefferson elected president in “Revolution of 1800”

1801

John Marshall named chief justice of the Supreme Court

1801

Alien and Sedition Acts not renewed

1803

Louisiana Purchase Marbury v. Madison established federal judicial review

1804

Alexander Hamilton killed in duel with Aaron Burr

1804

Thomas Jefferson reelected

1804

Twelfth Amendment ratified

1804

Beginning of Lewis and Clark expedition

1807

Embargo Act greatly harms foreign trade

1808

James Madison elected president

1808

Further importation of slaves into the United States made illegal

1812

Beginning of the War of 1812

1814

British army sacks Washington

1814

Treaty of Ghent formally ends the War of 1812

1814

Native American removal from Southern territories begins in earnest

1814–1815

Hartford Convention (meeting of Federalists)

1815

Victory of Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans

1815

Henry Clay proposes the American System

1816

James Monroe elected president

1816–1823

Era of Good Feelings

1820

Missouri Compromise

Charles Pinckney of South Carolina

He ran as the Federalist candidate for vice president of election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson

he was again the Republican candidate for president for election of 1800

Aaron Burr of New York

He was the Republican running for the vice presidency in th election of 1800

Twelfth Amendment

In 1804, the ______ allowed Electoral College members to vote separately for the president and vice president during this political crisis.

Revolution of 1800

The *election of 1800* is often known as the _____.

Midnight appointments

Appointing someone to a political office in the last hours of their term.

James Madison

Jefferson's secretary of state, refused to deliver Marbury's appointment letter. Marbury sued for his letter.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Marshall disliked Madison's action but ruled against Marbury, arguing that the ______ provision that allowed Marbury to sue was unconstitutional.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Jefferson funded the _____ to explore the newly acquired Louisiana.

Essex Junto

A New England Federalist extremist group, denounced Jefferson's "decline in public virtue."

Parisian revolutionary monster

Senator Thomas Pickering of Massachusetts called the president a "___________."

Charles C. Pinckney

In 1804, the Federalists nominated ______ to run against Jefferson, but he only won 14 electoral votes.

Aaron Burr

He realized he could no longer influence the Jefferson administration after his disloyalty during the 1800 electoral crisis.

**James Wilkinson**

Burr served as vice president and traveled west while under indictment for murder in New York and New Jersey. He plotted a Mexican uprising with the unscrupulous general __________ and others.

John Marshall

Jefferson wanted Burr convicted, but Chief Justice ________, who presided over the trial, was unconvinced.

British trade

Napoleon's Continental System banned ______.

Chesapeake

In 1807, a British warship fired on the U.S.S. ______, forcing it to strike its colors before capturing four of its crew.

1807 Embargo Act

Jefferson convinced the Republican-controlled Congress to pass the _______, which banned American exports.

Non-Intercourse

Madison supported the _______ Act, which allowed Americans to trade with all nations except Britain and France.

War Hawks

Henry Clay of Kentucky was one of the leaders of these “______.”

trans-Appalachian Native Americans

Tecumseh and the Prophet rallied ___________ against American settlement.

William Henry Harrison

In 1811, Indiana Governor _______ led 1,000 men against Prophetstown, built by Tecumseh and his brother.

Battle of the Thames

In 1813, William Henry Harrison defeated British and Native Americans at the _________ near Detroit after an American naval victory on Lake Erie.

Andrew Jackson

__________'s Tennessee militia defeated the Creeks in a series of bloody battles.

Star-Spangled Banner

"The _________" was inspired by a Baltimore retaliation.

Andrew Jackson

In January 1815, he defeated a British army trying to seize New Orleans.

**Treaty of Ghent**

Napoleon's defeat ended the British blockade and impressment, and both sides were exhausted. The status quo ante ended the war in the **_________**.

**Era of Good Feelings**

In 1816, **James Monroe** was easily elected president and served two terms. 1816–1823 was the __________.

slave state

Slavery became a major political issue for the first time in 1819 when Missouri asked to enter the Union as a __________.

Northwest Ordinance

This barred slavery from the Northwest Territory.

Eli Whitey

His invention of the *cotton gin* had made cotton a lucrative cash crop.

Henry Clay

The speaker of the house, resolved the issue in 1820 with the Missouri Compromise.