psychopathology: Semester 4: exam 2

what are the 3 different types of mood episodes?

major depressive episode, manic episode, hypomanic episode

what is the criteria of major depressive episode?

5 (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) or (2):

1. Depressed mood

2. Anhedonia

3. Significant weight loss or weight gain or decrease or increase in appetite

4. Insomnia or hypersomnia

5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation

5. Fatigue or loss of energy

6. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt

7. Diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness

8. Suicidality

What is the DSM-5 criteria for a major depressive disorder (MDD)?

A. A major depressive episode

B. Clinically significant distress or impairment

C. Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another

medical condition

D. Not better explained by another mental disorder

E. There has never been a manic or hypomanic episode

how is major depressive disorder characterized?

Characterized by one or more MDEs separated by periods of remission

what is the DSM-5 criteria for persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?

A. Depressed mood for at least 2 years

B. Presence, while depressed, of 2 (or more) of the following:

1. Poor appetite or overeating

2. Insomnia or hypersomnia

3. Low energy or fatigue

4. Low self-esteem

5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions

6. Feelings of hopelessness

C. During 2-year period, not symptom-free for more than 2 months at a time

D. Criteria for MDD may be continuously present for 2 years

E. There has never been a manic or hypomanic episode

F. Not better explained by another mental disorder

G. Not attributable to physiological effects of a substance or medical condition

H. Clinically significant distress or impairment

what is the permissive hypothesis?

Low serotonin “permits” other neurotransmitters to vary more widely

what neurotransmitters are involved in depression?

serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine