N5 geography birth rates/death rates

reasons for falling death rates worldwide

improved diets such as those which include a variety of nutrients and protein help people to live a longer healthier life (1)

• access to a regular supply of clean water helps to reduce disease and death rates (1)

• better pensions and good care for the elderly means that people are given the means by which they can live longer (1)

• good sanitation has improved people’s health which means that death rates are lower (1)

• good medical care has improved people’s chances of maintaining good health thus reducing death rates (1)

• vaccinations have helped reduce worldwide mortality. (1)

• Advancements in medical research and pharmaceuticals have led to more effective treatments for various diseases.

• Preventive measures, like providing flu vaccines to vulnerable populations, help prevent diseases.

• Free healthcare systems ensure people stay healthy, leading to longer life expectancies.

• Increased global trade allows people to access food from other nations, ensuring a healthy and balanced diet.

• High-quality ante-natal and post-natal care improve child survival rates and contribute to longer life expectancy.

• Efforts to combat malnutrition and hunger have reduced deaths related to malnutrition-related illnesses.

Six reasons for high death rates in developing countries

• Developing countries lack the resources to effectively combat diseases, resulting in persistently high death rates from one generation to the next.

• War and political instability can lead to significant casualties in developing nations.

• Famines caused by droughts and natural disasters result in malnutrition and fatalities in certain countries.

• Limited access to clean drinking water can lead to waterborne diseases.

• Inadequate sanitation contributes to disease spread.

• The absence of health infrastructure, essential medicines and trained medical professionals result in inadequate medical care.

• High levels of infant mortality add to a country's high death rate.

Reasons for birth rates falling worldwide

Contraception and family planning is widely available (1).

Later marriages are more common which results in fewer children (1).

People no longer choose to have lots of children as improved medical care and advances in medicine (1) has resulted in most children surviving at birth (1).

Developed countries have the money to invest in medical care which reduces the infant mortality rate thus causing the birth rate to fall (1).

Children are expensive so the greater number of children the bigger the financial burden (1).

Children no longer an economic asset - they must go to school - they now cost parents money (1)

Women want careers so put off having children to a later age (1) or limit the size of their families to give them a reasonable standard of living (1).

Sex education in schools helps to lower birth rates (1).

Advancements in farming technology, such as machinery and fertilisers, decrease the need for labour on family farms. (1)

Six reasons for high birth rates in developing countries

• Children are required for agricultural work, especially in subsistence farming.

• High infant mortality rates lead parents to have more children in order that they survive into adulthood.

• In some cultures, having many children is considered a way to please the Gods, known as virility.

• Challenges in accessing contraception, like condoms, make it harder to control family size.

• A lack of elderly care infrastructure means parents rely on having many children to support them in old age, reducing the financial burden on each child.

• In urban areas, children may be sent to work to contribute to the family's income.