N5 geography birth rates/death rates

Some reasons for falling death rates worldwide

1. More nutritious diets

2. Better access to clean water

3. Higher levels of income and better living standards

Six reasons for high death rates in developing countries

• Developing countries lack the resources to effectively combat diseases, resulting in persistently high death rates from one generation to the next.

• War and political instability can lead to significant casualties in developing nations.

• Famines caused by droughts and natural disasters result in malnutrition and fatalities in certain countries.

• Limited access to clean drinking water can lead to waterborne diseases.

• Inadequate sanitation contributes to disease spread.

• The absence of health infrastructure, essential medicines and trained medical professionals result in inadequate medical care.

• High levels of infant mortality add to a country's high death rate.

Six reasons for globally falling death rates

• Advancements in medical research and pharmaceuticals have led to more effective treatments for various diseases.

• Preventive measures, like providing flu vaccines to vulnerable populations, help prevent diseases.

• Free healthcare systems ensure people stay healthy, leading to longer life expectancies.

• Increased global trade allows people to access food from other nations, ensuring a healthy and balanced diet.

• High-quality ante-natal and post-natal care improve child survival rates and contribute to longer life expectancy.

• Efforts to combat malnutrition and hunger have reduced deaths related to malnutrition-related illnesses.

Why are birth rates falling worldwide

• Improved healthcare results in higher child survival rates, leading to fewer births.

• Delayed marriages among couples reduce the window for having children.

• Advancements in farming technology, such as machinery and fertilisers, decrease the need for labour on family farms.

• The cost of raising children encourages smaller families, resulting in more disposable income and an improved standard of living.

• Accessible family planning services in many countries enable better family size control, leading to fewer births.

• The empowerment of women in the 21st century shifts their focus towards careers, resulting in fewer children to balance work and home life.

Six reasons for high birth rates in developing countries

• Children are required for agricultural work, especially in subsistence farming.

• High infant mortality rates lead parents to have more children in order that they survive into adulthood.

• In some cultures, having many children is considered a way to please the Gods, known as virility.

• Challenges in accessing contraception, like condoms, make it harder to control family size.

• A lack of elderly care infrastructure means parents rely on having many children to support them in old age, reducing the financial burden on each child.

• In urban areas, children may be sent to work to contribute to the family's income.