Bloop Vessels

tunica externa

connective tissue, collagen fibers

tunica media

smooth tissue, elastic tissue, contracts, controls blood pressure

tunica interna

epithelial tissue, elastic tissue, simple squamous

lumen

thing in middle of vessel

veins

small walls, big lumen, contain valves, return blood to heart

arteries

big walls, smaller lumen, pushes blood away from heart

cappilaries

just tunica interna, where materials leave/enter blood

things that impact blood pressure

stress, salt, fats, exercise, sleep

cardiac output

how much blood leaves the heart in one minute, heart rate x stroke volume

resistance

force against bloodflow, generates blood pressure

barorecptor

pressure receptor in vessel, tells brain blood pressure is going up

brain response to baroreceptor

can tell artery to dilate or heart to slow down

adrenaline affect on blood pressure

increases

most important for long term blood pressure

kidney

why kidney is most important

high sodium → body retains water → higher blood volume → higher blood pressure

sphygomomanometer

measures blood pressure

korotkot sounds

sounds arteries make while taking blood pressure

hypertension

high blood pressure, 140/90

hypotension

low blood pressure, 100/60

pulse

wave of high presssure

blood pressure

force blood pushes into the arteries

diastolic pressure

low number in blood pressure

systolic pressure

high number in blood pressure

steps of using sphygmomanometer

1. place cuff centered on brachial artery
   2. place stethoscope on brachial artery
   3. inflate to 180 mmHg
   4. let pressure fall 2-3 mmHg/sec
   5. 1st sound is systolic pressure
   6. when the sound stops is diastolic pressure

atheroscelerosis

accumulation of plaque in artery walls

coronary artery disease

plaque built up in coronary arteries (heart)

ischemia

lack of oxygen

angina pectoris

chest pain

congestive heart failure

heart wears out

veins

arteries

double-loop circuit

a circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice and has two separate circuits, one for oxygenated blood and one for deoxygenated blood

pulmonary circulation

function to exchange blood and other tissue fluids between the heart, the lungs, and back

systemic circulation

provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue

Artery pressure compared to veins

higher

vein pressure compared to arteries

lower

structures