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I love heimler he's my favorite ap social studies teacher :))
Nationalism
Definition: Encouraged unity and a sense of commonality with people of the same language/culture. Also often created resentment towards those who aren’t a part of that language/culture.
Caused by: Enlightenment ideas + Industrialization
Lead to: A second wave of imperialism to achieve a higher power status + unification of countries that were previously warring states
Shows: Change; from being identified as subjects of a ruler to identifying as a nation/state
Scientific Racism
Definition: People could be ranked from best to worst biologically bc of their race
Caused by: Scientific Revolution + Enlightenment/rise in popularity of (people being less attached to religion/God)
Lead to: Phrenology (study of human skulls used to justify imperialism and reaffirm these beliefs) + Imperialism because “we“ are better than “them“
Shows: Continuity; Racism + Religion separating “us“ the Jesus lovers vs. “them“ the non-lovers of Jesus. Change; More secular (w/out religion) justification of that separation (whites vs non-whites)
Social Darwinsim
Definition: The Western/industrialized way is the best and “fittest“ to survive in this global environment because they were richer and consolidated more power around the globe.
Caused by: People took Charles Darwin’s ideas about natural selection and applied it to society
Lead to: Why shouldn’t the stronger take the lesser (Imperialism!!)
Shows: Change; new ideas and justifications for why imperialism should be real
Civilizing Mission
Definition: It’s the Western/Industrialized society’s (call of) duty to spread and westernize/industrialize to the “lesser“ people/nations
Caused by: Social Darwinism + Scientific Racism, because “we“ were better than “them“, therefor we NEED to help them be “better”
Lead to: Missionaries in colonized places (to convert them to Christianity/Westernize them) + Reorganized culture/governments/education systems based on European standards (and lessen indigenous ones) + “White Man’s Burden“ by Rudyard Kipling, British poet who wrote about how white people need to make non-whites better.
Shows: Continuity; Converting people to Jesus + Change; You HAVE to, it’s not right if you don’t
Shift in the Imperialized & Imperializer (1750-1900)
Continuity; Imperialism in Asia & Southeast Asia. Still lots of British, French, Dutch
Change; Much less imperialism in the Americas & more in Africa. Much less Spain & Portuguese imperializing & new player(s) just joined: Germany, Italy, Belgium, United States, Japan
Congo Free State
Definition: King Leopard II of Belgium’s colony in central Africa.
Caused by: Leopard II wasn’t very bright and wanted to make colonies even though Belgium was new and didn’t have everything figured out at home yet. Somehow convinced everyone it was “Humanitarian“ + Civilizing Mission
Lead to: Mainly exploitation of the people & rubber ( & other raw materials) + Public outrage when found out that eventually led to a state takeover of the private colony.
Shows: How Leopard II the Civilizing Mission to justify his abuses & exploitation of Congo. + How states took control over private colonies during this time period (more ex: Dutch in Indonesia + English in India)
Berlin Confrence
Definition: 1884-1885, Otto van Bismark (Germany) called major European powers to divide up Africa completely because he feared it would cause a war.(with no input from African leaders)
Caused by: Scramble for Africa + Diplomacy (Making political agreements by negotiation & communication instead of krilling everyone.) + Imperialism
Lead to: Drew borders that separated ethnic groups or joined rival ethnic groups.
Shows: How little they cared about the people in Africa and how much they wanted to take as much territory as possible
Scramble for Africa
Definition: After a few states started imperializing and colonizing in Africa, all the others rushed to catch up and
Caused by: Imperialism + Competition with other European states + Had advances in technology & medicine (ex: smallpox vaccines & pills) to go deeper into Africa without dying
Lead to: Berlin Conference
Shows: How European states decided that they needed to take as much of the world (imperialize as much as possible) to show that they held the most power.
French in Algeria
Definition: The French sent 35k troops to take Algeria & then decided to take North Africa
Caused by: France owed lots of money to Algeria because of their wheat exports and couldn’t pay it back. Sent a negotiator over who got whacked by the king.
Lead to: Many Muslim rulers resisted the French during the 1800s
Shows: The French imperialization via warfare
British Settler Colonies
Definition: Places where certain states claim to be their own and then send people to go set up camp there (very popular from 1450-1750), during 1700-1900 Britain set up colonies in South Australia + West Australia + New Zealand
Caused by: Imperialism
Lead to: Introduction of new diseases that krilled too many indigenous people (Aborigines in Australia & Maori in New Zealand)
Shows: Continuity; Britain loves its colonies
Manifest Destiny
Definition: Westward expansion was a calling from God to take everything from “the Sea (Atlantic) to the Shiny Sea (Pacific)“ + Partially the Lousiana Purchase of 1803
Caused by: Imperialism of their neighbors + Civilizing Mission
Lead to: Forceful displacement of the Native Americans into reservations + Forceful assimilation of the children
Shows: How the Americans used Civilizing Mission to justify imperialism over their neighbors
Pan-Slavism
Definition: Wanted to unite all Slavs (Ottoman/Austrian ones) under Russian rule
Caused by: Russia lost in the Crimean War to Japan and it really sucked + Wanted to obtain more global power (Imperialism/Nationalism)
Lead to: Fought wars + Expanded into the Pacific Coast (Vladivostok) & the South (cossack nomads & uzbek states)
Shows: How Russia used nationalist ideas
Meji Restoration
Definition: Built many railroads + very quick industrialization + a modern military
Caused by: Forcefullying opening trade w/ Europeans and not wanting to be taken over completely
Lead to: Expand (just like the other industrialized nations) into Korea & china
Shows:
Resistance to Colonialism - Enlightenment Ideas
Definition: Educated in colonial territories started to question whether the Europeans should be in power
Caused by: On their Civilizing Mission, the Europeans introduced Western styled education, which contained many Enlightenment ideals; including popular sovereignty and the social contract, to the indigenous people.
Lead to: Revolts and stuff ig
Shows: an additional reason to question foreign rule (they already did before)
Resistance to Imperialism - Nationalism
Definition: Forceful conversion of culture/language/religion caused Nationalism in the conquered people
Caused by: Imperial powers forced their language/culture onto the colonized people
Lead to: Resisting Colonization & want to form a nation of their own.
Shows:
Yaa Asantewaa War
Definition: Also called the War of the Golden Stool (the Asante had a golden stool that represented unity and the right to rule), colonial resistance against the British in West Africa. Queen Yaa Asantewaa lead the Asante against the British. However lost due to being less technologically advanced
Caused by: Britain wanted to expand their Gold Coast Colony in West Africa 4 times into the Asante empire
Lead to: British claiming the Asante territory
Shows:
Note 
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