milady chapter 7 electricity (blackbook)

What is movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy?

Electricity

When electricity is in motion what does it exhibit?

magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects

What is the flow of electricity along a conductor called?

electric current

What is any material that conducts electricity?

Conductor

What is considered a particularly good conductor and used in electric wiring and electric motors?

Copper

What is also known as insulator; a material that does not transmit electricity; examples are rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement?

nonconductor

What is the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source?

complete electric circuit

How many types of electric currents are there and what are they?

two; direct current and alternating current

What is abbreviated DC, and is a constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means?

Direct current

What is abbreviated AC, and is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction it is produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second?

Alternating current

What are examples of alternating currents?

Corded hair dryers, curling irons, electric files, and table lamps that plug into a wall outlet.

What is an apparatus that changes alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)?

Rectifier

What are examples that uses rectifiers?

Cordless electric clippers and mobile phone chargers

How fast does electricity travel?

186,000 miles per second

What is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushed electric current forward through a conductor

Volt

What is the unit that measures the strength of an electric current?

Ampere

What is 1/1,000 of an ampere?

milliampere

What is a unit that measures the resistance of an electric current?

Ohm

What is a unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second?

watt

What is 1,000 watts?

kilowatt

What prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit and is designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit with too much current?

Fuse

What is a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload?

Circuit breaker

What completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away?

Grounding

All the electrical appliances you use should be ___ certified.

UL, Underwriters Laboratories

Read all instructions carefully before ____ any piece of electrical equipment.

using

Disconnect all appliances when not in use; ______ on the plug, not the cord, to disconnects.

pull

__________ all electrical equipment regularly.

Inspect

Keep all wires, plugs, and electrical equipment in good _____.

repair

If more than one plug is needed in an area, use a _____ _____ with a surge protector.

power strip

Avoid contact, for both you and your client, with ______ and ______ _______ when using electricity, and do not handle electrical equipment with ____ hands.

water and metal surfaces; wet

Do not leave your client unattended while the client is connected to an _________ __________.

electrical device

Do not clean around electric outlets while equipment is ______ ____.

plugged in

What is commonly referred to and is the use of electrical currents to treat the skin?

Electrotherapy

What currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments?

Modalites

What is also known as probe, an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin?

electrode

What is the negative or positive pole of an electric current?

Polarity

What is the positive electrode, and is usually red and is marked with a P, called?

anode

What is the negative electrode, and is usually black and is marked with a N, called?

cathode

What is a constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body?

Galvanic current

What is the electrode used on the area to be treated?

active electrode

what is the opposite pole from the active electrode?

inactive electrode

What is the process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current?

iontophoresis

What infuses an alkaline product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole?

Anaphoresis

What is a form of anaphoresis and is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and black heads in the hair follicles?

Desincrustation

What is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses?

Microcurrent

Microcurrent should not be used clients with......

pacemakers, epilepsy, cancer, pregnancy, phlebitis, or thrombosis

What is a condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable side effects?

Contraindication

Tesla high-frequency current should not be used on clients who are.....

pregnant, epilepsy, asthma, high blood pressure, sinus blockage, pacemaker, or metal implants.

What is also known as electromagnetic spectrum of radiation, and is the name given to all of energy that exist?

electromagnetic spectrum

What are the forms of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum?

radio waves, microwaves, light waves, X-rays and gamma rays

What is the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves?

Wavelength

What is the measurement of the distance between two wavelengths?

Waveform

What is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen?

Visible spectrum of light

Visible light makes up only what percent of natural sunlight?

35 percent

What has the shortest wavelength within the visible spectrum of light?

violet

What has the longest wavelength within the visible spectrum of light?

red

Invisible light makes up what percent of natural sunlight?

65 percent

What is the light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye?

Invisible light

What is abbreviated UV light and also known as cold light or actinic light and is invisible light that has a short wavelength (giving it higher energy), is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light, and kills some germs.

Ultraviolet light

What does UV light prompt skin to produce, a fat-soluble vitamin that is good for bone growth and health.

Vitamin D

How many types of UV light are there?

3

What light has the longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum and penetrates directly into the dermis of the skin, damaging the collagen and elastin, it is often the light that is used in tanning beds?

Ultraviolet A (UVA)

What light is blocked by the ozone layer, (if the earth loses the protective layer of the ozone, life will no longer exist as we know it)?

Ultraviolet C (UVC)

What light is often called the burning light because it is most associated with sunburns and also can cause skin cancer?

Ultraviolet B (UVB)

What has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light and makes up 60 percent of natural sunlight?

Infrared light

What are substances that speed up chemical reactions?

Catalysts

What is also known as phototherapy, is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal?

Light therapy

What is an acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation; it is a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.

Laser

What is a selective process that all lasers work by, turns the light from the laser into heat.

photothermolysis

Most lasers are classified as _______ _______ _______ which means that estheticians must be working under the supervision of a qualified physician to operate the laser.

Level II Medical device

What is abbreviated LED, and is a medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin and works by releasing light onto the skin to stimulate specific responses at precise depths of the skin tissue?

light-emitting diode

What is a color component within the skin such as blood or melanin, derived from the Greek term chroma, meaning color.

Chromophore

What are the beneficial effects for Blue light LED?

Reduces acne and reduces bacteria

What are the beneficial effects for Red light LED?

Increases circulation, Improves collagen and elastin production,Stimulates wound healing

What are the beneficial effects for Yellow light LED?

Reduces swelling inflammation, Improves lymphatic flow, Detoxifies and increases circulation.

What are the beneficial effects for Green light LED?

Reduces hyperpigmentation, Reduces redness, and Calms and soothes.

What is a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pres, and excessive hair.

Intense pulse light