Functional Anatomy Exam 5

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint flexion?

Anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and pectoralis major

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint extension?

Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and triceps brachii

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint abduction?

Anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and supraspinatus

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint adduction?

Coracobrachialis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint horizontal abduction?

Posterior deltoid, teres minor, and infraspinatus

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint horizontal adduction?

Anterior deltoid and pectoralis major

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint internal rotation?

Anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis

What muscles perform glenohumeral joint external rotation?

Posterior deltoid, teres minor, and infraspinatus

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: spinous processes of T7-L5, posterior surface of iliac crest and sacrum (thoracolumbar fascia). Insertion: bicipital groove

Subscapularis

Origin: subscapular fossa. Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Anterior Deltoid

Origin: lateral third of clavicle. Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Teres Major

Origin: inferior axillary border of scapula. Insertion: bicipital groove of humerus

Pectoralis Major

Origin: medial third of clavicle and sternum. Insertion: lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Teres Minor

Origin: axillary border of scapula. Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Middle Deltoid

Origin: acromion process. Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Triceps Brachii

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, inferior greater tubercle on posterior humerus, and posterior humerus. Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Coracobrachialis

Origin: coracoid process of the scapula. Insertion: medial surface of humerus near midpoint

Infraspinatus

Origin: infraspinatus fossa. Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Posterior Deltoid

Origin: spine of scapula. Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Supraspinatus

Origin: supraspinatus fossa. Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Biceps Brachii

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and coracoid process of scapula. Insertion: radial tuberosity

What muscles perform protraction?

Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

What muscles perform retraction?

Upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and rhomboid

What muscles perform elevation?

Upper trapezius, levator scapula, and rhomboid

What muscles perform depression?

Lower trapezius and pectoralis minor

What muscles perform upward rotation?

Upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior

What muscles perform downward rotation?

Levator scapula, rhomboid, and pectoralis minor

Levator Scapula

Origin: transverse processes of C1-C6. Insertion: superior angle of superior vertebral border

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: anterior surface of 3-5 ribs. Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Upper Trapezius

Origin: occipital protuberance and spinous processes of C1-C6. Insertion: lateral third of clavicle and acromion process

Serratus Anterior

Origin: lateral surface of 1-8 ribs. Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

Middle Trapezius

Origin: spinous processes of C7-T3. Insertion: acromion process and spine of scapula

Rhomboids

Origin: spinous processes of C7-T5. Insertion: vertebral border of scapula and inferior angle

Lower Trapezius

Origin: spinous processes of T4-T12. Insertion: base of spine of scapula

What muscles perform elbow flexion?

Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis, pronator teres, and supinator

What muscles perform elbow extension?

Triceps brachii and anconeus

What muscles perform forearm supination?

Biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and supinator

What muscles perform forearm pronation?

Brachioradialis, pronator teres, and pronator quadratus

What muscles perform wrist flexion?

Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus

What muscles perform wrist extension?

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris

What muscles perform wrist ulnar deviation?

Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris

What muscles perform wrist radial deviation?

Flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

Supinator

Origin: lateral epicondyle and ulna. Insertion: anterior surface of proximal radius

Brachialis

Origin: anterior distal half of humerus. Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: lateral epicondyle. Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal

Pronator Quadratus

Origin: anterior distal quarter of ulna. Insertion: anterior distal quarter of radius

Anconeus

Origin: lateral epicondyle. Insertion: olecranon process

Palmaris Longus

Origin: medial epicondyle. Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: medial epicondyle. Insertion: pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal

Brachioradialis

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge. Insertion: distal lateral radius above styloid process

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin: lateral epicondyle. Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin: medial epicondyle. Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Pronator Teres

Origin: medial epicondyle and coronoid process. Insertion: lateral aspect of middle radius

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal

What muscles perform finger flexion?

Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

What muscles perform finger extension?

Extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, and extensor digiti minimi

What muscle performs thumb flexion?

Flexor pollicis longus

What muscles perform thumb extension?

Extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

What muscle performs thumb abduction?

Abductor pollicis longus

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process, and radius. Insertion: sides of middle phalanx of 4 fingers

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin: lateral epicondyle. Insertion: base of distal phalanx of little finger

Extensor Indicis

Origin: distal ulna and interosseous membrane. Insertion: base of distal phalanx of 2nd finger

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: posterior distal radius and interosseous membrane. Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin: coronoid process and proximal three quarters of ulna. Insertion: distal phalanx of 4 fingers

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin: anterior radius and interosseous membrane. Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor Digitorum

Origin: lateral epicondyle. Insertion: base of distal phalanx of 2-5 fingers

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin: posterior middle portion of ulna and interosseous membrane. Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin: posterior middle of radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane. Insertion: base of thumb metacarpal