anatomy 1 final: main effect of sympathetic nervous system on target cells

target: smooth muscle cells around pupil

main effects: dilation of pupil

target: cells of salivary glands

main effects: increase in secretion in certain cells

target: cardiac muscle cells

main effects: increase in heart rate and force of contraction

(only sympathetic has effect on force)

target: smooth muscle cells of bronchus

main effects: dilation of bronchioles (bronchodilation)

target: cells of sweat glands

main effects: increase in secretion

target: smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to skin

main effects: vasoconstriction

• effects blood distribution: takes blood from surface of the skin, digestive, & urinary systems by vasoconstriction & directs it to skeletal muscle by vasodilation

target: smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to skeletal muscle

main effects: vasodilation

• effects blood distribution: takes blood from surface of the skin, digestive, & urinary systems by vasoconstriction & directs it to skeletal muscle by vasodilation

target: smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to digestive & urinary organs

main effects: vasoconstriction

• effects blood distribution: takes blood from surface of the skin, digestive, & urinary systems by vasoconstriction & directs it to skeletal muscle by vasodilation

target: smooth muscle cells of digestive & urinary tracts & sphincters

main effects: relaxation of digestive and urinary tracts, contraction of sphincters

• stops the secretion of anything that aids in digestion

target: cells of digestive glands

main effects: decrease in secretion

target: cells of pancreas and liver

main effects: increase in release of glucose

• glycogenolysis: SNS increases the lysis/release of glucose to blood sugar levels increase

  • via the activation by epinephrine & norepinephrine

target: cells of adrenal medulla

main effects: release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

• adrenal medulla contains chromaffin cells (which makes epinephrine and norepinephrine)

  • chromaffin cells are modified postganglionic neurons:

    • part of 2 neuron circuit of SNS, preganglionic neuron makes its way to adrenal medulla & causes chromaffin cells to produce E & NE

• nicotinic receptor: on chromaffin cell’s membrane

  • ACh released from pre, binds to nicotinic, causes release of E & NE

  • ionotropic receptor