pathology OSPE (not slides) NMU

ساعات بكتب كذا سؤال في كارت واحد وكدا كدا مش هيجي غير سؤال واحد غير ال identify

وهو لو هيطلب enumerate مش هيعوز غير 2 ولا حاجه انا حاطط كله

ياريت ياريت ياريت ياريت لو حد كاتب اي اسئله يبعتهالي ضوري جدااا

بالتوفيق انا قعدت هنا مش اقل من 8ساعات عشان اطلعه بالجوده دي

مش طالب غير دعوه حلوه بس

what happened ?

other forms of adaptation ?

brain atrophy

hyperplasia,metaplasia,hypertrophy

?

reversible or irreversible ?

left ventricular hypertrophy

all adaptation are reversible

what is this ?

when does it happen ?

breast hyperplasia

• Physiological:

- Hyperplasia of female breast

in puberty, pregnancy and lactation.

• Pathological:

- Prostate and endometrium ( hormones)

what happened ?

most common complication is ?

squamous cell metaplasia of respiratory epithelium in smokers

most common complication is cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)

what is this ?

other types of reversible injury ?

reversible injury

cloudy swelling of kidney

other types : hydropic degeneration, fatty change

what is this ?

what substance will precipitate here

fatty change of liver

neutral fat (triglycerides)

name those stains

used in ?

what is this ?

ex ? 3

coagulative necrosis of the kidney

acute ischemia of heart,kidney,spleen.

identify ? other examples ?

liquefactive necrosis of the brain

pyogenic abscess

identify ?

examples ?

other types of necrosis ?

caseation necrosis

examples are (TB,Syphilis or fungal infection (any organ))

coagulative necrosis , liquefactive , fibrinoid etc.

identify ?

occurs when ?

fibrinoid necrosis

in cases of vasculitis and hypertension

identify ?

other types of carbohydrate deposits ?

other types of tissue accumulation ?

mucoid carcinoma

.

glycogen storage diseases

.

other types of tissue accummulation

hyalinosis

amyloidosis

patho calcification

patho pigmentation

gout

identify ? + arrow ?

other example ?

hyaline deposition line is on corpora amylacia (occurs in senile prostatic hyperplasia)

other example is russell’s body

identify ?

site of deposition ?

urate deposition

Na urates deposited in: Skin, Kidney and Joints affecting metatarsophalyngeal joint of big toe .

identify ?

how to diagnose ?

amyloidosis of the kidney

.

tissue biopsy —> stain

Hx&E pink

congo red orange

polarized light apple green

identify ?

other examples ?

dystrophic calcification (normal calcium levels in the blood)

.

other examples of dystrophic calcification

1- fat necrosis

2- following hyaline changes

3- wall of chronic abscess

4- old scar

5- dead bilharzial ova

6- fibrosed valve

7- atheroma of large vessels

identify ?

other sites ?

metastatic calcification of kidney

.

1-arteries

2-mucosa of the stomach

3-lung alveoli

identify ? other types ?

anthracosis

other examples of exo pigments are inoculation (tattoing) ingestion in lead poisoning (plumbism)

identify ?

other type is ?

albinism

.

vetiligo

identify ?

pigment name ?

brown atrophy of the heart

lipofuscin pigment

identify ?

characters of inf ?

abscess

.

redness hotness swelling pain loss of function

identify ? other cause ?

serous inflammation due to burn

other type is due to viral infection (herpes simplex)

identify ?

serous inflammation (excess fluid exudate)

identify ?

fate ?

occurs where else ?

fibrinous inflammation

organization

peritonium , pericardium

identify ?

type of bacteria ?

complication ?

what is this membrane formed of ?

pseudomembranous inflammation

diphtheria

toxemia is the most common complication

(necrotic mucosa + fibrin + inflammatory exudate)

identify ?

type of bacteria ?

complication ?

what is this membrane formed of ?

pseudomembranous inflammation

shigella

toxemia is the most common complication

(necrotic mucosa + fibrin + inflammatory exudate)

identify ?

complications ?

necrotizing inflammation

gangrene is a complication

لو حد فاهم السلايد كويس يبعتلي شرحه

identify ?

causes ?

necrotizing inflammation

anthrax and plague

identify ?

composed of ?

causes ? (occurs when?)

allergic inflammation

excess fluid exudate and eosinophils

It occurs in case of hypersensitivity eg urticaria, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis

identify ?

composed of ?

causes ?

allergic inflammation

excess fluid exudate and eosinophils

It occurs in case of hypersensitivity eg urticaria, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis

identify ?

ulcerative inflammation

(mixed acute and chronic inflammation coexyst)

identify ?

ulcerative inflammation

identify ?

chronic cholecystitis

identify ?

the primary complex is formed of ?

primary pulmonary tuberculosis

.

Primary complex:

1- parenchymatous lesion (Ghon focus)

2- Tuberculous lymphadenitis

3- Tuberculous lymphangitis

identify ?

lesion name ? (arrow)

fate ?

secondary pulmonary tuberculosis

apical lesion (assmann focus)

in most cases destruction of the lung leads to cavitation

identify ?

where does it occur ?

tuberculoma

it can occur in any organ بس مكتوب اسامي معينه هقولها بردو

lung,kidney,brain,spinal لو سـأل نكتب من دول

identify ?

when does it occur ?

miliary tb of the spleen

occurs for patiens with very weak immunity

identify ?

composed of ? اكبر من انه يجي فكك

giant cells here are named ?

tuberculosis granuloma (tubercle)

Composed of: Central caseating material (structureless eosinophilic material), epithelioid cells, macrophages, Langhan’s giant cells, lymphocytes and peripheral fibroblastic reaction

langhans giant cells

identify ?

most important cells ?

bilharzial granulomatous reaction

most important cells are eosinophils as its an allergic reaction

identify ?

the pathological changes caused by this ?

bilharziasis of the urinary bladder

.

sandy patches

polyps

ulcers

epithelial changes

lesions caused by fibrosis

increases risk of malignancy

identify ?

caused by ?

complications ?

hydatid cyst

caused by ingestion of the eggs of ecchinococcus granulosus

.

1- Allergic manifestations with anaphylactic shock.

2- Abscess formation owing to secondary bacterial infection of the cyst.

3- Pressure atrophy on the surrounding tissue

identify ?

fate ?

granulation tissue

fibrosis and formation of scar tissue

identify ?

fate ?

granulation tissue

fibrosis and formation of scar tissue

identify ?

blue arrow is on ?

skin scar with adjacent normal skin

collagen bundles

identify ?

caused by ?

complication ?

keloid

caused by lack of proper collagenases to degrade type III collagen (this is thought to have genetic basis)

high rate of recurrence after surgical removal

identify ?

when does it occur ?

formed of ?

liver cirrhosis

when liver stroma is damaged

formed of : regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous tissue septa

identify ?

mention other types ?

hemothorax

hemoperitonium , haemopericardium , hemoarthrosis

identify ?

other types ?

hemopericardium

hemothorax , hemoperitonium

identify ?

نفس الاتنين اللي فاتو بقا

hemoperitonium

identify ?

other types ?

petechial hemorrhage (caused by bleeding of small capillaries but ofc not trauma)

purpura , ecchymoses , hematoma

identify ?

causes ?

other types قولناه فوق نفس الاجابه بس بدل

ecchymosis

.

1.Laceration of normal vessel: ex: trauma, tumor

2.Laceration of diseased vessel: ex: hypertension, aneurysm, atherosclerosis

3.Systemic disease: ex: leukaemia 4.Bacterial infection: ex: septicaemia

identify ?

causes ?

hematoma

.

1.Laceration of normal vessel: ex: trauma, tumor

2.Laceration of diseased vessel: ex: hypertension, aneurysm, atherosclerosis

3.Systemic disease: ex: leukaemia 4.Bacterial infection: ex: septicaemia

identify ?

causes ?

massive interstitial cerebral hemorrhage

caused by hypertension (extreme) 200/110

identify ?

caused by ?

type of fluid ?

Pitting edema Caused by:

1- renal edema

2- cardiac edema

3- nutritional edema.

4- Allergic condition.

,

transudate

identify ?

caused by ?

type of fluid ?

Non-Pitting edema Caused by:

1- inflammatory edema 2- lymphedema.

exudate or lymph

identify ?

cause of this type of consistancy ?

Chronic venous congestion of the lung

.

induration = firm in consistncy

due to fibrosis

identify ?

caused by ?

chronic venous congestion of the liver

caused by right sided heart failure

identify ?

arrow on ?

caused by ?

chronic pulmonary venous congestion

edema fluid

caused by left sided heart failure

identify ?

arrow on ?

caused by ?

chronic pulmonary venous congestion

fibrosis with thick vessels

caused by left sided heart failure

identify ?

arrow on ?

caused by ?

chronic pulmonary venous congestion

heart failure cells

caused by left sided heart failure

identify ?

composition of it is ?

thrombi in wall of cardiac chamber (mural thrombi)

platelets and fibrin

identify ?

composition of it is ?

Valvular thrombi ( vegetation)

platelets and fibrin

identify ?

composition of arrows ?

microscopic picture of thrombus

RBCs, platelets & fibrin

identify ?

occurs when ?

red infarction of lung

.

occurs in soft & vascular organs , tissues with dual circulation (lung & intestine)

when blood is restored to an area of infarcation

identify ?

causes

arrows ?

splenic infarction

ischemia

identify ?

occurs where ?

cause ?

dry gangrene

in extremities

gradual occlusion of arteries

identify ?

occurs due to ?

wet gangrene of intestine

occurs due to sudden occlusion of both the artery and the vein

identify ?

other types of developmental disordered growth

agenesis

aplasia, hypoplasia, atresia, heterotropia, hamartoma

identify ?

other types of developmental disordered growth

aplasia

agenesis, hypoplasia, atresia, heterotropia, hamartoma

identify ?

other types of developmental disordered growth

hypoplasia

agenesis, aplasia, atresia, heterotropia, hamartoma

identify ?

other types of developmental disordered growth

atrasia

hypoplasia ,agenesis, aplasia, heterotropia, hamartoma

identify ?

other types of developmental disordered growth

define

heterotropia

hypoplasia ,agenesis, aplasia, atrasia, hamartoma

normal tissue in abnormal location

identify ?

other types of developmental disordered growth

thyroid heterotropia in the base of tongue

hypoplasia ,agenesis, aplasia, atrasia, hamartoma

identify ?

define ?

lung hamartoma

normal tissue in normal location but there is a disturbance in the quantity or arrangement of the tissue

identify ?

other types of Acquired Disordered Growth

dysplasia of squamous epithelium

adaptation and neoplasia

في الكام سؤال اللي جايين دول انا مش عارف تاني سؤال هيبقي اي فا لو حد عنده فكره ياارريييت يبعتلي

identify

Squamous cell papilloma

identify ?

colon adenoma (polyp)

identify ?

colonic adenocarcinoma infeltrating mass

identify ?

colonic adenocarcinoma fungating mass

identify ?

colonic adenocarcinoma ulcerating mass

identify ?

colonic adenocarcinoma

identify ?

squamous cell carcinoma

idenitfy ?

arrow ?

squamous cell carcinoma

central keratin pearls (cell nests)

identify ?

other locations ? (اللي يعرف الاحابه ياريت يبعلتي)

basal cell carcinoma (locally malignant tumor)

ear, nose, scalp, forehead.

( any area above angle between mandible and cheek)

identify ?

cells are ?

basal cell carcinoma

atypical basaloid cells

identify ?

most common organ ?

shape under microscope ?

cavernous hemangioma

liver بس مش متأكد الصراحه ياريت حد يبعلتي الاجابه الاكيده …..

Large spaces filled with blood and separated by fibrous tissue septae

identify ?

describe shape under microscope ?

lipoma

Lobules of mature fat cell separated by scanty fibrous tissue stroma

identify ?

describe shape ?

osteochondroma

large bony mass covered by cap of cartilage