Industrialism + Post-Industrialism

means of production

The resources and techniques used to produce goods and services in an economy, including machinery, tools, and labor.

relations of production

the social relationships that determine how goods and services are produced and distributed within a society; social classes

wage labour

regular payment; allowed workers to gain class

obligation

• most peasants before were not paid in wages → paid in basic necessities (shelter, food, etc)

• reaffirmed rigid social structures

• obligated morally, not contractually

What is the purpose of gift exchange?

• to cement relations; receiving a gift entails an obligation to return a gift and establishes a relationships

• gift-giving precedes capitalism

economic liberalism

• liberalism means “market/economic liberalism” ≠ social liberalism → culture & society

• a market liberal is more likely to be socially conservative than socially liberal

means of production in a post-industrial society

knowledge technology; specialized skill and assets as a worker

Facets of a Post-Industrial Society

• before: largest class was the working class; now: largest class is the middle class

• “consumer society” → buy everything

• display status through purchasing goods → brand recognition

• global interconnectedness of markets → globalization

multipolar

multiple sources of competing capital

globalization

limits government interference

post-globalization

• protectionism

• reinforcing borders

• nationally but not globally