Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry

Compound

A substance composed of two or more elements combined in a specific ratio and held together by chemical bonds.

Lewis Dot Symbols

Consists of the element’s symbol plus dots, where each dot represents a valence electron.

Isoelectronic

Different atoms that possess the same number of electrons, resulting in similar electron configurations and chemical properties.

LEO

An acronym for 'Lose Electrons Oxidation', indicating that metals lose electrons and become positive.

GER

An acronym for 'Gain Electrons Reduction', indicating that nonmetals gain electrons and become negative.

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction that holds oppositely charged ions together in an ionic compound.

Lattice Energy

The amount of energy required to convert a mole of ionic solid to its constituent ions in the gas phase.

Monatomic Cation

An ion formed from a single atom that has lost electrons and is named by adding 'ion' to the name of the element.

Monatomic Anion

An ion formed from a single atom that has gained electrons and is named by changing the element’s name ending to '-ide' and adding 'ion'.

Covalent Bonding

Compounds formed between elements with similar properties where electrons are shared to give each atom a noble gas configuration.

Diatomic Molecules

Molecules that contain two atoms and may be either heteronuclear or homonuclear.

Allotropes

Elements that have two or more distinct forms.

Empirical Formula

The whole-number ratio of elements, representing the simplest formula of a compound.

Oxoanions

Polyatomic anions that contain one or more oxygen atoms and a central atom of another element.

Hydrate

A compound that has a specific number of water molecules within its solid structure.

Molecular Mass

The mass in amu of an individual molecule.

Molar Mass

The mass in grams of one mole of a substance.