FS Psychology and Sociology 2612.2 - Exam 3

counseling

professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods

false

funeral directors participate in psychotherapy (t/f)

true

funeral directors may participate in grief counseling (t/f)

- to produce voluntary changes in the client.

- to provide facilities to achieve the desired change or make the suitable choice by the client

the objectives of counseling:

informational counseling

counseling in which a body of special knowledge is communicated

psychotherapy

any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person's personality, behavior, and adjustment

situational counseling

counseling related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering

directive

a type of counseling in which the counselor assumes the initiative and carries a major role in the identification and resolution of problems

analysis

to understand the client-information collected and analyzed

synthesis

data collected is summarized and organized to understand client's strengths, weaknesses, adjustments, etc.

diagnosis

drawing conclusions about the nature and causes of the client's problem

prognosis

predicting the future development of the client's problem

counseling

brings about adjustment or readjustment in the client

follow-up

after counseling is over, the counselor helps the client to readjust if the old problem reoccurs

non-directive counseling

to listen, support, and advise without directing a course of action; also known as client-centered counseling

directive counseling

counselor plays a major role by directing the counselee to think by informing, explaining, interpreting, and understanding

non-directive counseling

it is the duty of the counselor not only to make the client understand himself/herself, but also create an environment in which the client can workout his/her own understanding

crisis

an emotionally significant event or radical change of status in a person's life

crisis counseling

a type of intervention that helps individuals in a crisis situation

4 to 6 weeks

A crisis is a period of heightened psychological accessibility which will last for approximately ___ to ___ weeks.

an outside precipitator or emotionally hazardous situation

a crisis is usually stimulated by:

mental illness

crises are normal reactions to emotionally hazardous situations, not signs of _________ _____________

suicide

a deliberate and voluntary act of taking one's own life

• Egoistic Suicide

• Altruistic Suicide

• Anomic Suicide

• Fatalistic Suicide

types of suicide:

egoistic suicide

- seen as stemming from the absence of social integration

- committed by individuals who are social outcast and see themselves as being alone or being an outsider

- suicide is seen as a solution for them to free themselves from loneliness and excessive individuation

altruistic suicide

- occurs when social group involvement is too high

- Individuals kill themselves for the collective benefit of the group or for the cause the group believes in

anomic suicide

- occurs when there are serious disruptions to how society is regulated

- stems from sudden and unexpected changes in situations

- occurs during times of economic or social crisis that engulf the individual

- occurs when an individual is without clear norms about how to adjust to changed circumstances

homicide

the killing of one human being by another

epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

pandemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death

SIDS

the leading cause of death among infants 1 month to 1 year old and remains unpredictable despite years of research

- the death occurs without warning

- absence of definite cause

- involvement of the legal system

- impact of SIDS on siblings

factors that complicate grieving:

euthanasia

an act or practice of allowing or causing the death of a person suffering from life-limiting condition

Achieving Contact

Boiling Down

Coping

the ABC method of crisis intervention:

grief counseling

the process of helping people facilitate grief to a healthy resolution; used to help facilitate uncomplicated/normal grief

grief therapy

specialized techniques used to help people with complicated grief; refer all complicated grief reactions to a professional therapist

pre-need counseling

counseling which occurs before a death

at-need counseling

funeral practitioner consulting with the family from the time the death occurs until the final disposition

aftercare

post-funeral counseling; a means of supplying support after a death has occurred

- direct care

- information oriented

types of aftercare:

information oriented aftercare

- books and other print materials

- audio-visual

- internet resources

direct care aftercare

- grief support groups and events

- personal follow-up by the funeral director who handled the service in the form of a phone call, personal note, etc

grief counseling

the process of helping people facilitate grief to a healthy resolution; used to help facilitate uncomplicated/normal grief

grief therapy

specialized techniques used to help people with complicated grief; refer all complicated grief reactions to a professional therapist

- help the survivor actualize the loss

- help the survivor to identify and experience feelings

- assist living without the deceased

- help find meaning in the loss

- find ways to remember the deceased

- provide time to grieve

- interpret normal behavior

- allow for individual differences

- examine defenses in coping styles

- identify pathology and refer

the principles of grief counseling:

- choose a group format

- prescreen participants

- define expectations

- establish group rules

- determine leadership approach

- understand interpersonal dynamics

- handle disruptive behavior effectively

grief counseling in groups:

sympathy

a feeling of care or concern for another person, often accompanied by a wish to see them better off or happier; standing on the outside of a situation , looking in

empathy

a capacity for taking another’s point of view; the ability to feel what another is feeling; a feeling of stepping into the situation and feeling the emotion

- cognitive empathy

- emotional empathy

- empathic action

three parts of empathy:

cognitive empathy

the ability to understand someone else's perspective and what they might be thinking and feeling; the "thinking" part of empathy

emotional empathy

feeling with someone; this is the "feeing" part of empathy

empathic action

the "action" part of empathy; comes in many forms, ranging from direct help, asking how you can help, to just sitting in silence and not "doing" anything

respect

the act of giving particular attention and high regard; a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements

warmth and caring

the ability to communicate and demonstrate genuine caring and concern for the families you serve; using this ability, counselors convey their acceptance of the counselee, their desire for the counselee's well-being, and their sincere interest in finding workable solutions to the problems the clients present

genuineness

the fact of being real and exactly what it appears to be; the fact of not being artificial

- genuine people don't try to make people like them

- genuine people don't pass judgment

- genuine people treat everyone with respect

- genuine people are trustworthy

- genuine people aren't driven by ego

Habits of Genuine People:

knowledgeable

intelligent and well informed

1. Unconsciously Unskilled

2. Consciously Unskilled

3. Consciously Skilled

4. Unconsciously Skilled

four stages of learning any new skill:

communication

the process of human beings responding to verbal/nonverbal behavior; a human survival skill needed to maintain contact with the world

analyze your audience

most important step in the communication process:

interpersonal skills

verbal and nonverbal communication, the ability to handle conflict, teamwork, empathy, listening, and a positive attitude; being flexible and positive, able to listen, and communicating well are important criteria for success at work

active listening

a way of listening and responding to another person that improves mutual understanding

- selecting

- attending

- understanding

- remembering

- responding

elements of the listening process:

rapport

a relationship of harmony established in any human interaction

- make a good introduction

- actively listen

- ask engaging questions

- be aware of your body language

- lead with empathy and respect

building rapport includes:

paraphrasing

expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes shortened form; means expressing the meaning of someone else's words in your own words instead of quoting directly; restating in your own words

summarizing

a brief statement of the main points of something; mentioning only the main points in your own words

clarifying

the act or process of making something clearer or easier to understand

- admit you need clarification

- don't blame the other person

- summarize

- be specific

asking for clarification:

perception checking

having the ability to describe what is happening in a given situation, providing multiple interpretations of events or behaviors, and asking yourself and others questions for clarification

indirect perception checking

using your own perceptual abilities to seek additional information to confirm or refute your interpretations of someone's behavior

direct perception checking

asking someone else whether your interpretations of what you perceive are correct

leadership

the ability to influence the behavior of others through communication to achieve a goal

- sincere enthusiasm

- integrity

- great communication skills

- loyalty

- decisiveness

qualities of a good leader:

questioning

the act of asking someone questions, especially in an official context

open-ending questions

questions that allow someone to give a free-form answer

closed-ended questions

questions that can be answered with "Yes" or "No", or have a limited set of possible answers (such as A, B, C, or D)

reflecting feelings

determining the feelings and emotions in a person's verbal and body language and stating (or reflecting) those feelings back to the person or client

informing

the act of giving someone facts or information; to make someone aware of something

respect

the act of giving particular attention and high regard; a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements

- listen

- pay attention to nonverbal communication

- practice transparency

how to demonstrate respect:

- Funeral Director Dominance

- Bombarding with Questions

- Inappropriate Self Disclosure

- Offering Platitudes or False Reassurance

- Emotional Distancing

- Discouraging the Expression of Emotions and Tears

barriers to effective communication: