pratical 3- neuroanatomy

what does the central nervous system consist of

brain & spinal cord

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of

cranial & spinal nerves

what does the autonomic nervous system consist of

pre-ganglionic neurons in the CNS, post-ganglionic neurons in the PNS

what is the cerebral cortex

• brains most outer layer

• divided into 2 hemispheres

what are gyri & sulci

folds in the cerebral cortex

how are gyri seen physically

raised areas in the cerebral cortex

how are sulci seen physically

dips in the cerebral cortex

what is the longitudinal fissure

deep groove that separates right & left hemispheres

how is the cerebellum seen physically

cauliflower like structure

how to measure depth of corpus callosum

dissecting microscope (surface level)

which type of microscope is best for measuring depth of corpus callosum + why

• light

• high-resolution precise cross-sectional imaging

• dissecting only shows surface depth

7 steps for calculating size of a specimen

1. measure arbitrary size of specimens by number of lines/divisions on eyepiece graticule (minus end value from start value)

2. replace specimen & replace with stage micrometer & focus scale onto the eyepiece graticule scale

3. align graticule scale to a major line/division on the stage micrometer scale

4. count how many divisions on the stage micrometer correspond to the divisions on the graticule

5. divide stage division by graticule division

6. multiply specimen size by number in step 5

7. convert gradations to um depending on scale of micrometer (10um/100um)

horizontal plane

brain cut in half horizontally across skull

coronal plane

brain cut in half vertically across skull

sagittal plane

brain cut in half going into the skull

how would you represent the data of 2 different microscope types measuring the same specimen

box plot

what neuron axons are in the ventral root of spinal nerves

motor neurons

what is the outer layer of connective tissue in spinal nerves

endoneurium

what are a group of spinal nerve fibres called

fascicle

what connective tissue are fascicles covered by

perineurium

how is a peripheral nerve formed

groups of fascicles bound together by epineurium

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

31

what information do spinal nerves carry + to where

• sensory information from the skin + muscles to the spinal cord

• motor information to the muscles

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there

12

12 cranial nerves

1. olfactory

2. optic

3. oculomotor

4. trochlear

5. trigeminal

6. abducens

7. facial

8. vestibulocochlear

9. glossopharyngeal

10. vagus

11. accessory

12. hypoglossal

how many pairs of cranial nerves are sensory-specific

3

how many pairs of cranial nerves are motor-specific

5

how many pairs of cranial nerves contain pre-ganglionic fibres of the ANS

4