Glands and Their Secretions

Flashcards about glands and their secretions based on lecture notes.

Endocrine

Gland that secretes hormones.

Hypothalamus

Regulates anterior pituitary hormones

Hormone

A substance secreted by endocrine glands.

Hypothalamic releasing- and inhibiting-hormone

Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that regulate anterior pituitary hormones.

Human growth hormone (hGH)

Stimulates cell division, bone and muscle growth, and metabolic functions.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Stimulates the thyroid gland.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Stimulates production of ova and sperm from the ovaries and testes.

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Stimulates sex hormone production from the ovaries and testes.

Prolactin (PRL)

Stimulates milk production from the mammary glands.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Promotes the retention of water by the kidneys.

Oxytocin (OCT)

Stimulates uterine muscle contractions and release of milk by the mammary glands.

Thyroxine (T4)

Increases metabolic rate and regulates growth and development; affects all Tissues.

Calcitonin

Targets bones and kidneys to lower blood calcium.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Raises blood calcium levels.

Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)

Stimulate tissues to raise blood glucose and break down protein.

Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)

Promote reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys.

Gonadocorticoids

Promote secondary sexual characteristics.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Fight-or-flight hormones; raise blood glucose levels.

Insulin

Lowers blood glucose levels and promotes the formation of glycogen in the liver.

Glucagon

Raises blood glucose levels.

Estrogen

Stimulates uterine lining growth and promotes development of the female secondary sexual characteristics.

Progesterone

Promotes growth of the uterine lining and prevents uterine muscle contractions.

Testosterone

Promotes sperm formation and development of the male secondary sexual characteristics.