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Herodotus
the 1st historian
Thucydides
a historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian wars; also known as the greatest historian
Aescylus
known as the father of tragedy. 1st great poet in Athens. most famous work is “The Oresteia”
Sophocles
a tragic playwright who wrote “Oedipus the King” commonly wrote about fate.
Euripides
a greek tragedy playwright who wrote women as leads in his plays as irrational and vengeful
Aristophanes
a comedy writer who used women as leads to poke fun of them. he wrote “The Birds” and “Lysistrata”
monarchy
ruled by a king or monarch; rule is hereditary
aristocracy
government ruled by rich land-owning families; founders of polises
oligarchy
extending political rights to the new wealth
tyrants
individuals who appeal to the poor; diminished the rich’s power and raises the poor
epic poetry
3 themes: Heracles (strength), Theban (smarts), and Trojan war (war rahh)
Homer
the author credited for creating the epic poems: the Iliad and the Odyssey
Kylon
1st to create a tyranny, Draco took over after him
Draco
Athenian lawgiver who wrote the first law code
Solon
Athenian statesman who outlawed debt slavery, turned the government from an aristocracy to an oligarchy
Pisistratus
Athens first tyrant, provided funding and jobs to the poor while reducing the rich’s influence
Cliesthenes
created the first democracy (without voting) for Athens, created 10 tribes to avoid factions, also created ostracism
Darius
First Persian king who invaded Greece. had beef with sparta and athens
Mitiades
a Greek general who had previously fought the persians. later gets ostracized and dies
Themistocles
An Athenian general who used money to build a large navy
Xerxes
Darius’ son who led the second Persian invasion
Leonidas
A Spartan king who commanded an army in the second war who was beheaded
Pericles
A Greek general during the Golden Age of Athens who ushered in democracy by increasing the number of paid public officials, encouraging poorer people to engage.
Delian League
part of the Athenian empire following the Persian Wars to defend themselves. They were taxed heavily
Phidias
a skilled craftsman who built the Parthenon
Peloponnesian War
the civil war between Athens and Sparta. members of the Delian League asked Sparta to fight for their freedom against Athens
Alcibiades
nephew of Pericles. incredibly intelligent and arrogant. great general. good at running away. played for both sides
Dorians
group who migrated into Greece during the Dark Age
Battle of Salamis
Naval battle where Persia was defeated during the second Persian War
Stoicism
philosophical school that stressed remaining calm
Epicureanism
Philosophy that taught the world operated according to natural laws w/o the influence of gods
Hesiod
Poet who wrote the Theogeny, stories about the gods
Archimedes
Great engineer from Syracuse
Battle of Marathon
Battle where Persia was defeated during the first Persian war
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