Histology and Cell Biology Flashcards

Flashcards for Histology and Cell Biology exam review.

Plasma Membrane

The outer boundary of a cell that separates its internal environment from the external environment.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for energy production within the cell, appearing as small dots inside hepatocytes.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis and modification.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes, involved in lipid and steroid synthesis, and detoxification.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids, appearing as a dark area near the lumen of epididymal tubules in silver stain.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes for intracellular digestion, displaying variable electron density.

Cilia

Hair-like structures on the cell surface used for movement.

Glycogen

Form of energy storage, appearing as magenta-red granules with PAS stain.

Fat cells

Cells specialized for storing fat, visible with Sudan III staining.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell. Contains: Nuclear pore, Nuclear Membrane, Peripheral chromatin, and Nucleolus.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A single layer of flat cells with thin cytoplasm and a flat ovoid nucleus.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A single layer of cubical cells with round central nucleus.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of tall, column-shaped cells with a single basal oval nucleus.

Ciliated Pseudostratified Epithelium

One layer of overcrowded columnar cells resting on basement membrane

Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized Epithelium

Multiple layers of squamous cells.

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

Epithelium containing keratin.

Collagen Fibers

Structural protein fibers showing axial periodicity.

Plasma Cell

A cell with a nucleus that has a cartwheel or clock face appearance.

Compact Bone

Appears as red circles.

Cancellous Bone

Characterized by irregular bone trabeculae.

Osteoclast

Located in Howship's lacuna.

Cardiac Muscle

Found in the wall of the heart.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Aorta

Displays a thick media and thin adventitia

Medium Sized Artery

Narrow patent lumen & thick wall.

Medium Sized Vein

Wide collapsed lumen & thin wall.

Liver

Contains a central vein.

Portal Triad

Contains a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct.

Bronchioles

Component of the Lung, along with Smooth muscle and Alveoli

Thick Skin & Thin Skin

Types of skin.

Thyroid Follicles

Structure found in Thyroid Gland

Renal Corpuscles and Convoluted Tubules

Structures found in the Kidney