Untitled Flashcards Set

Precision

The quality of being exact and accurate, often important in industrial advancements and scientific methods.

Fundamental

A central or primary rule or principle on which something is based.

Capital

Wealth in the form of money or assets used for investment in businesses, industries, and economic ventures.

Fossil Fuels

Natural resources like coal, oil, and natural gas that were heavily used during the Industrial Revolution for energy and manufacturing.

Combustion

The process of burning a substance, particularly fossil fuels, to generate energy.

Consumer

A person who purchases goods and services, whose role became increasingly important during the rise of industrial capitalism.

Mining

The extraction of minerals and other valuable resources from the earth, often associated with coal and metal production during the Industrial Revolution.

Array

A large or organized grouping of something, such as an array of factories or economic systems.

Sought

The act of searching for or trying to obtain something, often used in the context of searching for opportunities or funding.

Ideologies

A system of ideas and beliefs that shape political, economic, and social structures, such as capitalism, socialism, and communism.

Economic

Related to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Transnational

Extending or operating across national boundaries, often referring to companies or movements.

Pre-industrial

The period before industrialization, characterized by agrarian economies and handmade goods.

Pensions

Financial payments made to retired workers, often introduced as a social reform in industrial economies.

Industry

The production of goods, especially in factories, which expanded greatly during the Industrial Revolution.

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections; a major movement during this period, particularly for women and working-class men.

Criticism

The analysis or evaluation of a system, such as critiques of capitalism or labor conditions.

Mitigated

Made less severe or intense; for example, labor laws mitigated harsh working conditions.

Reforms

Changes made to improve political, social, or economic systems, often driven by movements like labor rights and suffrage.

Contraction

A reduction in size or extent, such as economic contraction during financial crises.

Restructuring

Changing the structure of an organization, economy, or system, such as labor restructuring in industrial societies.

Underwent

Experienced or was subjected to change, such as societies that underwent industrialization.

Sanitation

Systems for keeping places clean and preventing disease, which improved significantly during urbanization.

Evolution

The gradual development of something over time, including biological evolution or changes in social systems.

Influence

The power to affect developments or behaviors, such as the influence of Enlightenment ideas on revolutions.

Commonality

A shared feature or characteristic, such as commonalities between different industrialized nations.

Emulated

Imitated or followed as an example, such as countries that emulated Britain's industrial model.

Profound

Having deep meaning or significance, such as profound social changes during the 19th century.

Justified

Having a valid reason or explanation, often used in political arguments (e.g., justifications for labor strikes).

Rebellions

Armed resistance or uprisings against authority, such as the Taiping Rebellion or worker revolts.

Revolutionary

Relating to or causing a dramatic change, such as the American, French, or Industrial Revolutions.

Tendency

A pattern of behavior or movement in a particular direction, such as the tendency toward urbanization.

Propel

To push forward or drive something, such as industrialization propelling economic growth.

Critique

A detailed analysis and assessment, often of social, economic, or political systems.

Subject

A person under the rule of a government or monarch, or a topic under discussion.

Semi-coerced

Partially forced; referring to labor systems where workers had some choice but were pressured, such as sharecropping.

Implement

To put into effect, such as implementing new labor laws.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals worked for a period of time in exchange for passage to a new country or debt repayment.

Millenarianism

The belief in a coming major transformation or utopian age, often linked to religious or revolutionary movements.

Solidarity

Unity and mutual support within a group, such as workers' solidarity in labor unions.

Feminism

The advocacy of women's rights based on gender equality, which gained momentum in the 19th century.

Migrant

A person who moves from one place to another, often for work or better opportunities.

Relocate

To move to a different place, such as people relocating to cities during industrialization.

Vindication

Proof that something is right or justified, such as the vindication of labor rights movements.

Labor

Work, especially physical work, which became a key issue during industrialization.

Resolutions

Formal decisions or agreements, such as resolutions for workers' rights.

Degrees

Levels or extents of something, such as degrees of industrialization in different countries.

Enclave

A distinct community within a larger area, such as ethnic enclaves formed by immigrants in industrial cities.

Investments

The allocation of resources, usually money, into businesses, industries, or projects with the expectation of generating a profit.