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Last updated 12:25 AM on 2/26/25
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49 Terms

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Precision
The quality of being exact and accurate, often important in industrial advancements and scientific methods.
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Fundamental
A central or primary rule or principle on which something is based.
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Capital
Wealth in the form of money or assets used for investment in businesses, industries, and economic ventures.
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Fossil Fuels
Natural resources like coal, oil, and natural gas that were heavily used during the Industrial Revolution for energy and manufacturing.
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Combustion
The process of burning a substance, particularly fossil fuels, to generate energy.
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Consumer
A person who purchases goods and services, whose role became increasingly important during the rise of industrial capitalism.
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Mining
The extraction of minerals and other valuable resources from the earth, often associated with coal and metal production during the Industrial Revolution.
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Array
A large or organized grouping of something, such as an array of factories or economic systems.
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Sought

The act of searching for or trying to obtain something, often used in the context of searching for opportunities or funding.

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Ideologies
A system of ideas and beliefs that shape political, economic, and social structures, such as capitalism, socialism, and communism.
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Economic
Related to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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Transnational
Extending or operating across national boundaries, often referring to companies or movements.
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Pre-industrial
The period before industrialization, characterized by agrarian economies and handmade goods.
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Pensions
Financial payments made to retired workers, often introduced as a social reform in industrial economies.
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Industry
The production of goods, especially in factories, which expanded greatly during the Industrial Revolution.
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Suffrage
The right to vote in political elections; a major movement during this period, particularly for women and working-class men.
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Criticism
The analysis or evaluation of a system, such as critiques of capitalism or labor conditions.
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Mitigated
Made less severe or intense; for example, labor laws mitigated harsh working conditions.
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Reforms
Changes made to improve political, social, or economic systems, often driven by movements like labor rights and suffrage.
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Contraction
A reduction in size or extent, such as economic contraction during financial crises.
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Restructuring
Changing the structure of an organization, economy, or system, such as labor restructuring in industrial societies.
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Underwent
Experienced or was subjected to change, such as societies that underwent industrialization.
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Sanitation
Systems for keeping places clean and preventing disease, which improved significantly during urbanization.
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Evolution
The gradual development of something over time, including biological evolution or changes in social systems.
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Influence
The power to affect developments or behaviors, such as the influence of Enlightenment ideas on revolutions.
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Commonality
A shared feature or characteristic, such as commonalities between different industrialized nations.
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Emulated
Imitated or followed as an example, such as countries that emulated Britain's industrial model.
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Profound
Having deep meaning or significance, such as profound social changes during the 19th century.
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Justified
Having a valid reason or explanation, often used in political arguments (e.g., justifications for labor strikes).
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Rebellions
Armed resistance or uprisings against authority, such as the Taiping Rebellion or worker revolts.
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Revolutionary
Relating to or causing a dramatic change, such as the American, French, or Industrial Revolutions.
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Tendency
A pattern of behavior or movement in a particular direction, such as the tendency toward urbanization.
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Propel
To push forward or drive something, such as industrialization propelling economic growth.
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Critique
A detailed analysis and assessment, often of social, economic, or political systems.
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Subject
A person under the rule of a government or monarch, or a topic under discussion.
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Semi-coerced
Partially forced; referring to labor systems where workers had some choice but were pressured, such as sharecropping.
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Implement
To put into effect, such as implementing new labor laws.
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Indentured Servitude
A labor system where individuals worked for a period of time in exchange for passage to a new country or debt repayment.
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Millenarianism
The belief in a coming major transformation or utopian age, often linked to religious or revolutionary movements.
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Solidarity
Unity and mutual support within a group, such as workers' solidarity in labor unions.
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Feminism
The advocacy of women's rights based on gender equality, which gained momentum in the 19th century.
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Migrant
A person who moves from one place to another, often for work or better opportunities.
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Relocate
To move to a different place, such as people relocating to cities during industrialization.
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Vindication
Proof that something is right or justified, such as the vindication of labor rights movements.
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Labor
Work, especially physical work, which became a key issue during industrialization.
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Resolutions
Formal decisions or agreements, such as resolutions for workers' rights.
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Degrees
Levels or extents of something, such as degrees of industrialization in different countries.
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Enclave
A distinct community within a larger area, such as ethnic enclaves formed by immigrants in industrial cities.
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Investments

The allocation of resources, usually money, into businesses, industries, or projects with the expectation of generating a profit.

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