Blood Flow through the Kidney & Urine Formation

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26 Terms

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renal artery → segmental arteries → interlobar arteries → arcuate arteries → cortical radiate arteries → afferent arterioles → glomerulus → efferent arterioles → peritubular capillaries → cortical radiate veins → arcuate veins → interlobar veins → segmental veins → renal vein
order of blood flow through the kidney
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homeostasis
by removing wastes and excesses from the blood, the kidneys help to maintain…
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urea, creatinine, uric acid, and ammonia
nitrogenous waste in blood plasma and urine include…
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filtration
outward movement of water and solutes form the glomerulus via pressure gradient
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reabsorption
transport of water and solutes from the tubular fluid back to the blood via peritubular fluid
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“good stuff”
tubular reabsorption helps to reclaim the…
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secretion
transport of extra solutes from the blood into the tubular fluid
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“bad stuff”
tubular secretion helps to get rid of the…
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concentration
the fourth stage of urine formation that reabsorbs water
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high permeability
What quality makes it easier for glomerular filtration to occur?
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tissue fluid
filtrate is basically the same composition of…
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45 gallons
How many gallons of filtrate are produced daily?
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renin
When triggered, the juxtaglomerular apparatus releases…
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enzyme
renin is an…
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macula densa
epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule that are triggered by low Na reabsorption are called…
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juxtaglomerular cells
specialized smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole triggered by low BP
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aldosterone
steroid hormone released from the adrenal cortex that initiates insertion of Na/K pumps into nephron
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone released from pituitary gland that opens water channels
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proximal convoluted tubule
tubular reabsorption occurs primarily in the…
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glucose, small proteins, amino acids, electrolytes, and minerals
What type of things are reabsorbed?
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in both the PCT and DCT
Where does tubular secretion occur?
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6
urine has about a pH of…
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creating and maintaining medullary interstitial gradient
What is the important role of the nephron loop?
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H2O but not ions
descending limb is permeable to…
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Ions but not H2O
ascending limn is permeable to…
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vasa recta
creates a countercurrent exchange mechanism to help maintain gradient