The Human Body: An Orientation

A complete review of key concepts from the human anatomy and physiology lecture focused on anatomy definitions, physiological systems, structural organization, homeostasis, and body cavities.

What is the study of body structure called?

Anatomy

What is the study of body function referred to?

Physiology

Name one type of Gross Anatomy study method.

Regional, Systemic, or Surface anatomy

What does Cytology study?

The study of the cell

What does Histology focus on?

The study of tissue

What does Embryology examine?

Developmental changes of the body before birth

List three topics studied within Physiology.

Integumentary system, Nervous system, Skeletal system, Endocrine system, Muscular system, Cardiovascular system, Lymphatic system, Urinary system, Respiratory system, Digestive system, Reproductive system.

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cells

What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?

Chemical level, Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ system level, Organismal level.

What are some survival needs of the body?

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temperature, Appropriate atmospheric pressure.

Name one necessary life function.

Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction.

What is homeostasis?

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes externally.

What is the role of a receptor in homeostatic control?

Detects changes in the variable.

What is the difference between afferent and efferent pathways?

Afferent shows input to control center; Efferent shows output from control center.

What is an example of negative feedback?

HVAC system regulating room temperature.

What does positive feedback do to the original stimulus?

Enhances the original stimulus.

Identify two anatomical positions.

Standing upright with head facing forward, arms at sides with palms facing anteriorly.

What do the directional terms superior and inferior refer to?

Superior refers to above; Inferior refers to below.

Which cavities protect the nervous system organs?

Dorsal body cavity.

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Diaphragm.

What is the thin double-layered lining of the ventral body cavity called?

Serous membrane.

Name one of the abdominopelvic quadrants.

Right upper quadrant (RUQ), Left upper quadrant (LUQ), Right lower quadrant (RLQ), Left lower quadrant (LLQ).

What regions comprise the abdominopelvic areas?

Umbilical region, Epigastric region, Hypogastric region, Right and left iliac regions, Right and left lumbar regions, Right and left hypochondriac regions.