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Relationship between people and nature
Local communities and nearby nature areas are dependent upon and mutually affect each other.
Benefits of nature
Nature areas lower air temperatures, remove pollutants, and provide recreational space, while community activities promote environmental protection.
Disadvantages to people and nature
Wildlife may harm people, and environmental protection can limit development; visitors can cause soil erosion and disturb wildlife.
Sense of place
People associate importance, meanings, and memories with specific locations in their neighbourhoods through experiences and interactions.
Acquiring a sense of place
Individuals encounter familiar paths and experience significant events at local landmarks.
Representing a sense of place
Different media are used to express and can enhance or contradict individuals' sense of place.
Regions
Areas with similar characteristics or known for specific features, influencing other locations.
Spatial patterns
Non-random arrangement of services, events, and objects in recognisable shapes and intervals.
Spatial associations
Tendency for services, events, and objects to locate near each other, suggesting connections.
Spatial scales in Singapore
More than 20 towns cater to different lifestyles, each with a town centre as a hub.
Spatial hierarchies in Singapore
Nested areas from residential units to precincts, forming neighbourhoods and towns.
Town planning in Singapore
Aims to serve residents and nature at precinct, neighbourhood, and town levels, creating connections.
Sustainable development
Meeting present needs while ensuring future generations can meet theirs.
Economic sustainability
High population density supports local businesses and keeps infrastructure costs low.
Social sustainability
Small population size enables regular interaction among residents for decision-making.
Environmental sustainability
Protects nature and supports waste minimisation and energy-efficient designs.
Urban neighbourhoods as ecosystems
Living communities interact with the non-living environment, including aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Provisioning services
Fresh water and food available in neighbourhoods.
Regulating services
Include microclimate regulation, flood mitigation, and air and water quality.
Cultural services
Aesthetics, education, and recreation found in neighbourhoods.
Supporting services
Soil formation, pollination, and photosynthesis in urban ecosystems.
Fire hazards
Commonly caused by faulty appliances and unattended cooking, leading to injuries and property damage.
Air pollution hazards
Caused by burning vegetation and emissions, resulting in health issues.
Traffic hazards
Caused by speeding and drunk driving, leading to serious injuries and fatalities.
Environmental stewardship
Promotes volunteerism and partnerships for healthy ecosystems.
Disaster risk management
Reduces exposure to hazards and improves preparedness.
Community resilience
Strengthens relationships and equips residents to adapt and recover from disasters.
Research questions
Identify a topic and craft a measurable hypothesis about two variables.
Data collection sequence
Collect quantitative data first, then qualitative, or vice versa.
Limitations and risks
Adjust research parameters based on resources and avoid harm.
Sampling methods
Non-probability (convenience, quota) and probability (random, stratified) sampling.
Closed-ended surveys
Pre-defined responses limited to short phrases or numbers, using rating scales.
Mental maps
Visual representations of experiences with features and labels added to a base map.
Data interpretation
Use frequency measures and central tendency measures for closed-ended surveys.
Mental map analysis
Assess representation of reality and how experiences are described.
Patterns and relationships
Visualise correlations and identify geometric shapes and clusters.
Maps
Represent spatial information with dots, lines, and polygons, including essential map elements.
Graphs
Use bar graphs and pie charts for distributions, and line graphs for trends.
Photographs and texts
Use satellite images for spatial information and colour-coded quotes for qualitative analysis.
