ISP Exam 1 MIDTERM

ISP 205 Exam 1

Cosmic Address

Earth, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Supercluster, Universe

Age of the Solar System

4.603 billion years

Age of Universe

13.8 Billion years

Time a full moon rises 

Sunset

Time a new moon rises 

Sunrise

Retrograde

The apparent backward motion of a celestial body across the night sky, observed from Earth.

Arcsecond

An angular unit of measurement equal to 1/3600th of a degree (1/60th of an arcminute)

Arcminute

a unit of angular measurement, equal to 1/60th of a degree

Isotopes

A unit of angular measurement, equal to 1/60th of a degree

Neutron

Neutral, subatomic particles that, along with protons, form the nucleus of an atom, contributing to the atom's mass

Elliptical orbit

The oval-shaped path an object takes as it revolves around a central body

Blueshift

The decrease in a light wave's wavelength, indicating a source is moving towards an observer

Redshift

Stretching of light waves from a distant source, causing them to shift toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum

What color are the hottest stars?

Blue

What color are the coolest stars?

Red

Gamma Rays

Shortest wavelength with the highest frequency.

Radio Waves

Longest wavelength with the lowest frequency.

If the Sun were a grapefruit, how big would Earth be?

Tip of a ballpoint pen. 

How is the Universe expanding?

Distant galaxies are all moving away from us, with more distant ones moving faster.

Earth’s direction of rotation.

Counterclockwise.

Observable Universe

The part of the Universe that could be observed in principle, including things that may require future technology.W

Planet with the most extreme seasons?

Uranus 98°

You are on the north pole, which way is Polaris, the north star?

Directly Overhead

It is Autumn in Michigan. What season is it in Australia?

Spring.

How much time passes between each moon phase?

About 7 days.

How long is a full moon cycle?

About 30 Days.

When does a Waxing Crescent Moon set?

After sunset.

Doppler Effect

Perceived difference in frequency of sound or light due to the sources movement.

Newtons 1st Law

An object at rest stays at rest. An Object in motion stays in motion, unless affected by an outside force.

Newtons 2nd Law

The force acting on an object is equal the mass of the object times it's acceleration, F=ma

Newtons 3rd law

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Keplers laws

1.Planets orbit in Ellipses. 2.Planets sweep out equal areas in equal times. 3.The square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi Major Axis

What planet has the most extreme seasons, days, and nights?

Uranus (98°)

Spectra Lines

A dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range.

Thermal Radiation Spectrum

a continuous range of electromagnetic waves emitted by all objects with temperatures above absolute zero, primarily in the infrared region.

Gamma Rays

This light form has the shortest waves and longest wavelengths. It is smaller than a nucleus. It is used in radiation therapy.

X Rays

This light form has high energy and is the size of a hydrogen atom. It can penetrate dense materials like bone.

Ultra Violet

This light form is shorter than blue light and is the size of a protein. It can cause skin damage.

Visible Light

This light form can be seen by the naked eye. It is the size of a bacterium and allows us to see color.

Infrared

This light form is longer than red light and is the size of a cell. It goes past red in the rainbow; it is used for heating and red light therapy. 

Microwave

This light form ranges in size from the size of a pinhead to a baseball. It is used for observing radiation.

Radio

This light form has the longest wavelength. It is the size of a football field and is used for communication. 

Continuous spectrum

An uninterrupted band of colors or wavelengths, like a full rainbow, produced by dense, hot objects such as stars and incandescent light bulbs.

Emission Line Spectrum

A series of bright, colored lines on a dark background. Produced by hot gas. 

Absorbtion Line Spectrum

A rainbow-like continuous spectrum with dark lines at specific wavelengths. Made when hot light passes through cold gas. 

Where do tides come from?

Gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun, which creates bulges of water on opposite sides of the Earth

How do we measure a planets mass?

By using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Angular Momentum

the rotational equivalent of linear momentum and is defined as the product of an object's moment of inertia and its angular velocity

Potential Energy

The stored energy an object or system possesses due to its position or arrangement

Energy Transfer

Energy moving from one object, system, or location to another, or the transformation of energy from one form to another.

What did Newton add to Kepler’s 3rd law?

He incorporates the masses of the celestial bodies involved. Connected his law with gravitation and Mass. 

Tycho Brahe

A 16th-century Danish astronomer famous for his extremely precise naked-eye observations of the night sky, including the supernova of 1572

Gravitational Law

Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers

x-ray telescope

A space-based or high-altitude instrument designed to detect X-rays from celestial objects

Infrared telescope

A specialized instrument that detects infrared radiation, to observe celestial bodies

Copernican Sun model

Heliocentric model of the Solar System, where the Sun is at the center and the planets, including Earth, orbit it.

Greek Geocentric Model

An astronomical system with the Earth at the center of the universe, around which the Sun, Moon, and stars orbit

Radio Waves are a form of

Low Frequency Light

Time Monitoring

Study of physical and psychological aspects of time perception and measurement. 

Why do smaller things spin faster, and what happens to its temperature?

Conservation of Angular Momentum. It Heats up. Potential energy transfers into kinetic energy.