MLS 226 Unit 1 objectives

Innate immunity

Natural immunity, broad

adaptive immunity

acquired immunity, very specific, has memory

Innate cellular response

phagocytosis

adaptive cellular response

T cell activities

Innate humor response

acute phase reactants

adaptive humoral response

B cell activities

antibody

A protein that acts against a specific antigen

Antigen

foreign substance that triggers an immune response

opsonization

immune process which uses opsonins to tag foreign pathogens for elimination by phagocytes

Normal flora sites

Skin, upper respiratory, GI, female genitals

competitive exclusion

normal flora establishing themselves in these sites preventing pathogens from thriving

acute phase reactants

Inflammation markers

C-reactive protein

indicator for inflammation, opsonization, complement activation

Serum amyloid A

activation of monocytes and macrophages

Complement purpose

lyse antigens and opsinization

alpha 1 antitrypsin

elastase inhibitor and regulator

haptoglobin

binds free hemoglobin

Fibrinogen

coagulation

Ceruloplasmin

transports copper and oxidize iron

neutrophil

circulating and in tissues; first responder to infection, pagocytosis

Eosinophils

circulating; Kill parasites, neutralize basophil and mast cell products, regulate mast cells

Basophil

circulating; Produce inflammatory mediators that induce or maintain allergic reactions

Mast cells

found in the connective tissue, Produce inflammatory mediators that induce or maintain allergic reactions

monocyte

a large phagocytic white blood cell. Diapedesis

Macrophages

mature monocyte, phagocytosis, antigen presentation

dendritic cells

POTENT phagocytic cell, most effective at antigen presentation

natural killer cells (NK cells)

develop in bone marrow, found in liver and spleen; Kill target cells (tumor or viruses) without prior exposure

Diapedesis

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.

Toll-like recpetors

recognize PAMPS

TLR1

recognizes mycobacteria

TLR2

recognize gram positive bacteria

TLR4

recognize gram negative bacteria

Physical contact

between phagocyte and antigen

formation of phagosome

engulfing antigen

formation of phagolysosome

fusing with lysosome

digestion

excretion of antigen