grade 11 review

inorganic compounds are divided into 4 categories

1. gases

2. molecular compounds

3. ionic compounds

4. acids

monoatomic gases - ex noble gases

Eg. Helium is He

diatomic gases - HOFBrINCl

Eg: oxygen is O₂

molecular compounds are….

two non metals bonded to each other

molecular compound naming - greek prefix/iupac

greek prefix - count num of atoms and greek prefix in front of element name (no mono for the first element)

PCl₅ - phosphorous pentachloride

IUPAC - first element valence is written as roman numerals in brackets

ionic compounds are…

a metal and non metal bonded together

If first element has one valence, how to name second element?

If First element always has one valence:

Second element:

1. one more oxygen than standard: per___ate

2. standard: _____ate

3. one less than stanard: ___ite

4. two less: hypo____ite

5. no oxygen: ____ide

if first element has two valences, how to name second element?

ous-ic:

1. “ic” if higher valence

2. “ous” if lower valence

IUPAC:

1. use roman numerals for valence

Acids, how to name second element if first is hydrogen?

one more oxygen: per____ic acid

standard: ____ic acid

one less: ____ous acid

two less: hypo____ous acid

no oxygen (binary acid): Hydro___ic acid

significant figures are….

The digits in a numerical measurement that are consequential to its precision and accuracy