Chapter 7 Medical Terminology Quick and Easy - Circulatory

cardi/o

heart

vascul/o

vessel

home/o

sameness

-stasis

controlling

Circulatory System

consists of the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) and the lymphatic system, (structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid lymph)

5 Anatomical Types of Blood Vessels

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, and venules

Arteries

leaves the heart with blood

Arterioles

branch out many times from the arteries

Capillaries

tiny vessels with one-cell thick walls that branched out even more from the arterioles

Venules

blood leaving the capillaries returns to the heart and through this

Veins

carry blood back to the heart

Relationship of Blood Vessels

arter/o

artery

-ole

little

lymphat/o

lymphatic

Cardiovascular System

coron/o

heart

sub-

below

Atrial

pertaining to atrium

Ventricular

pertaining to ventricular

Atrioventricular

valves between the atria and ventricles

endo-

inside

pulmon/o

lung

aort/o

aorta

Aorta

the artery by which blood leaves the heart to be routed through out the body

Remember blood flow through valves

Tri before you Bi

Pericardium

sac made up of a double membrane, encloses the heart

Endocardium

forms the lining inside the heart

Myocardium

heart muscle, thickest tissue of the heart; middle layer of heart tissue

Visceral pericardium or epicardium

innermost layer of the pericardium

Coronary Arteries

blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart are coronary arteries

Coronary

means encircling, in the manner of a crown, and refers to the way in which coronary arteries encircle the heart in a crown-like fashion

Valves of the Heart

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

vessel

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

arteriol/o

arteriole

ather/o

yellow fatty plaque

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

venul/o

venule

Cardiomyopathy

general diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart muscle itself

Myocarditis

inflammation of the heart muscle, example of cardiomyopathy

echo-

sound

Echocardiogram

Cardiac catheterization

the passage of a long, flexible tube into the heart chambers through a vein or an arm or leg or the neck

scop/o

to view

Positron emission tomography

especially helpful in examining blood flow in the heart and blood flow in the heart and blood vessels

Angina Pectoris

severe chest pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself

pectora

chest

Arrhythmia

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

Cardiomegaly

enlarged size of the heart

Congenital Heart Defects

abnormalities present in the heart at birth

Ventricular Septal Defect

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

the work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces various pathological effects

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen caused by pathological changes in the coronary arteries

Fibrillation

severe cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation

Defibrillator

electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart

Defibrillation

used to slow the heart or restore its normal rhythym

Heart Murmur

soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope

Hyperlipidemia

excessive lipids in the blood

Hypertension

elevated blood pressure above the normal values of 120/80 mm Hg in an adult (over the age of 18)

Hypotension

low blood pressure 95/60

Infarction

necrosis of a localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply to that area

Occlusion

obstruction

Stenosis

narrowing

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

death of an area of heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation

Myocardial Ischemia

deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium

Septal defect

defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart

ASD

atrial septal defect

VSD

ventricular septal defect

Shock

serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood

Vasodilation

increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

Vasoconstriction

decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

Cholesterol and Triglycerides

lipids

Arteriogram

Angiomas

tumors consisting of blood vessels, usually benign

Aortography

radiography of the aorta

Aortagram

record produced from a aortography

Ateriography

radiography of arteries after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream

Angiocardiography

radiography of the heart and great vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque solution

Aneurysm

ballooning out of the wall of a vessel, caused by a congenital defect or weakness of the wall of the vessel

Hemorrhage

loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

Thrombus

internal blood clot

Embolism

sudden blocking of an artery or lymph vessel by foreign materiel that has been brought to the site of blockage by the circulating blood

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

a.k.a. "Stroke". Lack of blood supply to the brain causing brain damage

Hemorrhagic Stroke

blood vessel bursts and allows blood to seep into brain tissue

Thrombotic Stroke

plaque can cause a clot to form that blocks blood flow

Embolic Stroke

blood clot or other embolus reaches an artery in the brain, lodges there, and blocks the flow of blood

Varicose

swollen and knotted veins that occur most often in the legs

Varicose Veins

-ary

pertaining to

Cardiopulmonary Bypass

method used to divert blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily when surgery of the heart and major vessels is performed, a heart-lung machine collects the blood, replenishes it with oxygen, and returns it to the body

Cardiopulmonary

pertaining to the lungs

Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

automatically terminates arrhythmia's by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart

Sinoatrial node (SA)

hearts natural pacemaker

Pacemaker

a small-battery powered device generally used to increase the heart rate by electrically stimulating the heart muscle

Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)

device that detects sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and delivers a low energy shock to the heart, restoring the normal rhythm

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

an emergency first-aid procedure to reestablish heart and lunch action if breathing or the heart has stopped

Anti-arrhythmic drugs

prevent, alleviate, or correct an abnormal heart rhythm