[MetE 16] Intro to Metallurgical Mineralogy

Hematite

Fe2O3

Pyrolusite

MnO2

Flint

Sedimentary rock, made up of SiO2

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2

Minerals

NIHDO

Rock

solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter

Biogenic Minerals

formed by organisms

Sapphire

Al2O3, Ti

Ruby

Al2O3, Fe and Cr

Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Biotite Mica

Discontinuous series of crystallization

Calcium-rich feldspar, Sodium-rich feldspar

Continuous series of crystallization

Potassium feldspar, muscavite mica, quartz

intermediate to felsic

Ultramafic

Composed of peridotite and komatite

Mafic

Composed of gabbro and basalt

Intermediate

Composed of diorite and andesite

Felsic

Composed of granite and rhyolite

Lithification

unconsolidated sediments join

Weathering

chemical and mechanical breakdown or rock

Erosion

transportation to another place by natural processes

Clastic/Detrital, Chemical, and Organic

Types of Sedimentary Rocks

Clastic or Detrital Sedimentary Rock

products of weathering and erosion

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

From evaporation, precipitation, and, crystallization

Organic Sedimentary Rock

from organic materials such as plants

Ores

Natural occurrence composed of minerals that can economically extracted

Bauxite

Al2O3

Chalcopyrite

CuFeS2

Bornite

Cu5FeS4

1. Source of ore components

2. Transport Mechanism

3. Depositional Mechanism

4. Ore deposite preservation through geological processes and setting

Requirements for Ore Formation/Genesis

By composition, form, host rock association/geological structure, interpreted genesis of deposit

Classification of Ore Deposits

Size and shape, Orientation, Mineral Distribution

Form of Deposit

Magmatic

Formed from separation of metal sulfides and oxides while in their molten form, before cooling.

Hydrothermal

Formed at a much later time than that or the host rock via _______ fluid circulation

Sedimentary/Placer

Formed by surface processes that can either be physical or chemical in nature including erosion and weathering.

Acanthite

Ag2S

Cassiterite

SnO2

Chalcocite

Cu2S

Chromite

(Fe, Mg)Cr2O4

Cinnabar

HgS

Galena

PbS

Ilmenite

FeTiO3

Magnetite

Fe3O4

Pentlandite

(Fe, N)9S8

Sphalerite

ZnS

Sperrylite

PtAS2

Uraninite (pitchblende)

UO2

Dolomite

CaMg(CO3)2

Barite

BaSO4

Fluorite

CaF2