Nutrition Module 3: Metabolism and Digestive System

ATP is a ______ battery.

charged

ADP are _____ battery.

drained

What is metabolism?

The biochemical reactions that take place within a living organism to maintain life

Catabolic and Anabolic reactions are ____

coupled

What is a metabolic rate?

the amount of energy spent in a certain time

What are the 4 factors of BMR?

height, weight, age, and sex

_____ and _____ also account for variations in BMR.

genetics and hormones

BMR stands for

Basal metabolic rate

RMR stands for

resting metabolic rate

_____ _____ _____ is the number of calories you burn as your body performs basic function.

basal metabolic rate

____ ____ ____ is the number of calories burned if you stayed in bed all day. it includes energy required for digestion.

resting metabolic rate

The _____ ____ is a long muscular tube which provides space for digestion followed by selective absorption for molecules.

digestive system

_____ is the process by which large molecules from plants and animals we ate are mechanically and chemically broken down into building blocks, or subunits.

digestion

_____ is the process by which these building blocks are taken up through the cells lining the GI tract and enter the blood or lymph.

absorption

____ is elimination of non-absorbed waste from the body

excretion

____ of microbes that enter with food.

elimination

What are the four functions of the digestive system?

digestion, absorption, excretion, and elimination

What are the names of the organs? 1,11,7

mouth, anus, pancreas

What are the names of the organs? 3,6,9

pharynx, liver, small intestine

What are the names of the organs? 2,4,5

salivary glands, esophagus, stomach

What are the names of the organs? 8, 10

gallbladder, large intestine

______ squeezes food as it moves through the GI tract

peristalsis

What are enzymes?

proteins that speed up chemical reactions

The substrate of amylase is ___

starch

The substrate of lipase is ____

lipids

The substrate of peptidase, protease, and pepsin is ___

peptides

The substrate of lactase is ____

lactose ( a carbohydrate)

The substrate of sucrase is ____

sucrose

What are the 7 major parts of the GI Tract?

mouth

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

rectum

anus

Fats are broken down into smaller components in the ___ _____

small intestine

hydrochloric acid is found in the ____

stomach

Enzymes are made and secreted to GI tract by ____ ____

accessory organs

What are the 4 accessory organs in the GI Tract?

salivary glands

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

What is the function of salivary glands?

lubrication

What are two examples of enzymes in the salivary glands?

amylase and lipase

What is the function of the liver? (there are two)

secretes bile; purifies blood from small intestine

What is the function of the gallbladder?

stores bile

What is the function of the pancreas?

digestive enzymes

What is an example of an enzyme in the pancreas?

peptidase

Food moves from mouth to anus by _____

peristalsis

What are sphincters?

muscular rings that prevent backflow or early release of food

_____ is a mass of food mixed with saliva that moves from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach.

bolus

____ is a watery mixture of partially digested food and secretions from liver and pancreas that moves through intestines

chyme

____ is a mass of undigested fiber, tough connective tissues, bacteria, and old intestinal cells formed in the large intestine and excreted

feces

_____ is a tube from pharynx to stomach

Esophagus

_____ prevents food from entering the trachea

Epiglottis

What does the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevent?

Backflow of stomach contents into esophagus

What organ produces bile?

Liver

Where is bile stored?

Gallbladder

What are the three segments of the small intestine?

Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum

In the _____, mixing of food with pancreatic juices and bile occurs.

Duodenum

In the ____, it is the site of nutrient and water absorption

Jejunum

_____ absorbs nutrients and water not previously absorbed

Ileum

What are the 8 molecules absorbed in the small intestine?

Glucose

Amino acids

Fats

Bile acids

Vitamins

Most minerals

Water

Alcohol

What is the most important protease from the pancreas?

Trypsin

The ____ is a large gland

Pancreas

Name this common disease of the GI Tract.

Stomach acid or bile flows into esophagus and irritates the lining

Acid reflux

What are the symptoms of acid reflux?

Burning chest pain after eating and increases when lying down

Chronic acid reflux is called _____

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Name this common disease of the GI Tract.

Stomach acid erodes the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum

Peptic ulcers

What can cause acid reflux?

Obesity, high fat diet, laying down after eating, NSAIDs

What are the two treatments for peptic ulcers?

Antibiotics and antacids

Name this common disease of the GI Tract.

Increased fluidity, frequency, or amount of bowel movements

Diarrhea

What common disease of the GI Tract can these symptoms cause?

Stomach pains

Weight loss

Lack of appetite

Nausea/vomiting

Peptic ulcers

What common disease of the GI Tract can these symptoms cause?

Infections, microorganisms

Malabsorption

Excessive fiber

Diarrhea

What common disease does this treatment match?

Lifestyle changes

Antacids

Meds that decrease acid production

Surgery

Acid reflux

What common disease does this treatment match?

Prevent dehydration through fluids and electrolytes

Dietary changes

Diarrhea

what common disease of the GI Tract is described as difficult or infrequent bowel movements

Constipation

What common disease does this treatment match?

Lifestyle changes

Increase fluid and fiber

Increase physical activity

Regular bowel habits

Constipation

What common disease does these causes match?

Ignoring urge to poop

Low fiber diet

Muscle or nerve problems

Dietary supplements

Constipation

Formation of abnormal diverticuli is called _____

Diverticulosis

When food gets stuck in diverticuli, they become inflamed and rupture, leading to ____, which is FATAL.

Diverticulitis

What are the two treatments for diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

Antibiotics and fiber

_____ disease is an autoimmune disease that leads to a chronic response against dietary gluten

Celiac

What does celiac disease do to the villi of the small intestine?

Flatten

These symptoms describe which common disease of the GI Tract?

Diarrhea

Cramps, bloating, flatulence

Fatigue

Weight loss

Anemia

Celiac disease

what is the treatment for celiac disease?

Avoid gluten

Which common disease of the GI Tract causes irritation of the intestinal lining after consuming gluten and NO damage to intestines?

Gluten intolerance

Gluten intolerance symptoms are similar to what other common disease of the GI Tract?

Celiac disease

What is the treatment for gluten intolerance?

Avoid gluten

_____ ___ ___ is a autoimmune disease that is a chronic, immune response to dietary gluten

Irritable bowel disorder

The following symptoms describe which common disease of the GI Tract?

Diarrhea

Cramps, bloating, flatulence

fatigue

Headaches

Joint pain

Brain fog

Weight loss

Gluten intolerance

____ _____ ____ and _____ disease have the same symptoms.

Diarrhea

Cramps, bloating, flatulence

Fatigue

Weight loss

Anemia

Irritable bowel disorder, celiac